Agricultural Economics

In the Republic of Moldova, a large number of households that received land shares after the break-down of the collective farm structure currently focus on semi-subsistence agriculture. Often, one or more members of these households have migrated abroad. This paper aims at assessing the impact of remittances on their agricultural production practices and investments. The authors rely on the rotating panel dataset of the Household Budget Survey for the period 2007-2013, and on an original survey carried out on a sample of 126 households in 2015. To test if remittance recipients replace family labour and self-produced inputs with mechanisation services and purchased inputs, a shadow agricultural wage is estimated. Logistic regressions are used to assess whether the occurrence of investments (land, machinery, or dairy cattle) is more probable in the case of remittance inflow. The results show that recipient households reduce their drudgery by substituting family labour and self-produced seeds and feed with mechanisation services and purchased inputs, without necessarily increasing production efficiency. The relationship between remittances and agricultural investments is very weak or negative. However, qualitative insights demonstrate that many investments (greenhouses, rototillers, walnut orchards, etc.) were possible thanks to remittances. Although most recipients do not invest in agriculture, the minority that does invest has access to remittances.

Since the beginning of the 1990s, Brazil has introduced different policies for increasing agricultural production among family farms, such as the National Program for Strengthening Family Farming (Pronaf), the technical assistance and rural extension programmes (ATER), and seeds distribution. Despite the importance of these policies for the development of family farming, there is a lack of empirical studies investigating their impact on commercialization of food products. By considering household-level data from the 2014 Brazilian National Household Sample Survey, we use propensity score matching techniques accounting for the interaction effects between policies to compare the commercialisation behaviour of recipients with nonrecipients. We find that Pronaf has a significant positive impact on family farmers' propensity to engage in commercialisation, and this effect increases if farmers have also access to ATER. Receiving technical assistance alone has a positive effect, but this is mostly limited to smaller farms. In turn, seed distribution appears not to increase commercialization significantly. A well-balanced policy mix could ensure that, in a country subject to the pressure of international food markets, increased commercialisation does not result in reduced food security for rural dwellers.

In the Republic of Moldova, a large number of households that received land shares after the break-down of the collective farm structure currently focus on semi-subsistence agriculture. Often, one or more members of these households have migrated abroad. This paper aims at assessing the impact of remittances on their agricultural production practices and investments. The authors rely on the rotating panel dataset of the Household Budget Survey for the period 2007-2013, and on an original survey carried out on a sample of 126 households in 2015. To test if remittance recipients replace family labour and self-produced inputs with mechanisation services and purchased inputs, a shadow agricultural wage is estimated. Logistic regressions are used to assess whether the occurrence of investments (farmland, machinery, or dairy cattle) is more probable in the case of remittance inflow. The results show that recipient households reduce their drudgery by substituting family labour and selfproduced seeds and feed with mechanisation services and purchased inputs, without necessarily increasing production efficiency. The relationship between remittances and agricultural investments is very weak or negative. However, qualitative insights demonstrate that many investments (greenhouses, rototillers, walnut orchards, etc.) were possible thanks to remittances. Although most recipients do not invest in agriculture, the minority that does invest has access to remittances.

The literature on rural development focuses on the socio-economic effects of agricultural support policies; the process of policy design, however, is devoted less attention. Identifying policy coalitions may help provide clarity on the motivations behind a given agricultural support system. Using Discourse Network Analysis, this paper studies the debates preceding the approval of the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Pronaf) in Brazil in the 90s. This represented a relevant overturn of the preceding policy framework. Two coalitions that opposed each other have been identified: while large farm business associations favoured measures to enhance productivity, movements comprising of family farmers aimed at introducing credit instruments for small producers. The strong pressure from social movements was key to the adoption of Pronaf. However, findings suggest that the Workers' Party, which found itself in a less conflicting position, played a brokerage role in the negotiation of the final policy package.

Low productivity in agriculture is mainly due to the inability of the farmers to exploit the available technologies fully, resulting in lower efficiencies of production. The present study has estimated the technical and scale efficiencies of tomato-producing farms in Karnataka, considering different production levels and has identified the determining factors of their technical efficiency. The study is based on the data collected from the major tomato-producing regions of Karnataka, viz. Kolar and Bangalore rural districts of Karnataka, under three-production situations, viz. small, medium and large farms. Data Envelopment analysis (DEA) and log linear regression models have been used for estimating the technical efficiency and its determining factors, respectively. The study has indicated that most of the farms irrespective of size of holding have shown technical inefficiency problems. The medium farmers have been observed with best measures of technical efficiency, which has been ...

The explicit evaluation of the post-harvest losses at different stages of marketing and their impact on farmers' net price, marketing costs, margins and efficiency have been presented. It has been found that the existing methods tend to overstate the farmers' net price and marketing margins of intermediaries. In fact, the margin of the retailers' after taking into account the physical loss during retailing has been found to be negative (loss), which otherwise, was positive (profit) in the conventional estimation. Similarly, the producers' net share and wholesalers' margins also decrease substantially. It has been shown that marketing efficiency is inversely proportional to the marketing losses. The co-operative marketing has been found to be a more efficient system in terms of both operations and price. Marketing cost has been identified as the major constraint in the wholesale marketing channel and bringing down the costs, particularly the commission charges as ...

Commercial Seed Production (CSP) in vegetables like tomato and okra is an important economic activity for farmers in the dry regions like Haveri and Gadag in Karnataka providing assured returns and additional employment. Its economic impact assessed at individual and aggregate levels based on a sample of 70 cultivators has indicated that the activity provides stability, equity in income distribution across the group and helps enhance family welfare. Undertaken mainly during the khraif season on a plot of around 0.43 ha, the farmers incur an expenditure of around Rs 49,780 / ha for tomato and Rs 38,555/ha for okra. With a seed yield of 0.493 and 5.66 quintals of tomato and okra, respectively, the farmers could realize a net return of Rs 88,338/ha from tomato and Rs 39,440/ha from okra. Being highly labour-intensive involving special operations such as emasculation and hybridization, the commercial seed production generates employment opportunities of around 415 women-days in both tom...

As sociedades modernas têm enfrentado grandes mudanças em relação às dietas alimentares nas últimas décadas, relacionadas ao consumo de carnes e outros produtos de origem animal. No Brasil, mudanças dietéticas no meio urbano e rural podem ser observadas a partir de pesquisas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir os dados da última Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares realizada no biênio 2017-2018, analisando as possíveis mudanças na dieta sob a ótica do consumo de carne e derivados de origem animal desde 2008. A metodologia do presente trabalho tomou como base dados secundários da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar (POF) 2017-2018 e 2007-2008. O consumo da carne bovina tem sido substituído por outros tipos de carne, como de suínos e aves, possivelmente por serem mais baratas e por mudanças de mentalidade da população, o que ainda impacta na saúde das pessoas e do meio ambiente. Assim, mudanças no consumo alimentar devem priorizar a saúde dos seres humanos e do planeta e não somente por fatores meramente econômicos. O Estado pode ser um importante aliado na operacionalização de tais ações por meio dos programas de compras públicas, por exemplo. Palavras-chave: Dietas sustentáveis, Zona rural, Zona urbana, Mudanças de hábitos.

 The paper presents key results regarding a possible reform of the Common Agricultural Policy direct payments, based on a scenario analysis by the CAPRI (Common Agricultural Policy Regionalized Impact) modelling system. Combining aggregate programming models at the NUTS 2 level with a global spatial multi-commodity model, it enables depicting the impacts of different policy and economic scenarios from regional to the global scale. The paper discusses simulated impacts on farm income and agricultural markets from implementing the European flat rate hectare payment corrected for the purchasing power disparities across the Member States while reducing the overall budget outlays for direct payments by 50% and dismantling the remaining coupled support to ruminants. The results are an outcome of a comparative static analysis against a reference scenario which assumes the Health Check policy in 2020. The model results suggest a drop of the agricultural gross value added by 9% at the aggreg...

The purpose of this study is to find out what potential sectors need to be developed in OKU Regency and find out the relationship between OKU District and the surrounding Regencies/Cities to support its economic growth. The results of this study indicate that in the period 2010-2016, there are 9 potential sectors that need to be developed in OKU Regency, namely the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector; Water Supply, Waste Management, Waste and Recycling Sector; Wholesale and Retail Trade Sector, Car and Motorcycle Repair; Sector of Providing Accommodation and Foods and Drinks; Financial Services and Insurance Sector; Real Estate Sector; Education Services Sector; Health Services Sector and Social Activities; Other service sectors. Based on gravity analysis, the Regency with the most interaction with OKU Regency is Muara Enim Regency and the weakest interaction is Ogan Ilir Regency. The connection of Muara Enim Regency and OKU Regency is the biggest because the two regions have...

Demand for agricultural commodities, particularly for basic foodstuffs, depends on a household's income, the prices it faces, and a set of unique household characteristics which include tastes, location, education, family composition, and farm status. This monograph reviews disaggregated evidence at the national level on the relative contribution of each of these factors and performs statistical analysis of national aggregate data in a search for reliable patterns in this contribution. The paper examines patterns of food consumption of the poor and amply confirms that the poor are significantly more responsive to economic signals than better-off households. The food consumption parameters of low-income groups can thus serve as the basis for designing targeted food interventions that improve their nutritional status without distorting the rest of the economy--an important objective for food policy decisions and implementation.

Resumen
Durante 2025, la coyuntura económica en Venezuela se desarrollará en un contexto muy adverso, caracterizado por una gran incertidumbre e inestabilidad. Al endurecimiento de las relaciones con la nueva administración del Presidente Trump, hay que agregarle la evolución poco favorable del mercado petrolero que agravará la posición ya poco competitiva de Venezuela como productor de hidrocarburos. Por otra parte, la inestabilidad política interna continuará agravada por el cuestionamiento de los resultados de los comicios electorales de julio de 2024, el creciente conflicto limítrofe con Guyana, un nuevo ciclo político-electoral y el empeoramiento de los problemas asociados al cambio climático. Todo ello acontece en el marco de una baja capacidad política e institucional para absorber estos choques negativos y una importante debilidad de la economía interna para sostener el crecimiento económico en un entorno tan adverso.   

Abstract
During 2025, Venezuela's economic situation will unfold under highly adverse conditions marked by significant uncertainty and instability. In addition to the tightening of relations with the new administration of President Trump, the unfavorable trajectory of the oil market will further erode Venezuela’s already weakened competitiveness as a hydrocarbon producer. Concurrently, internal political instability will remain exacerbated by challenges to the legitimacy of the July 2024 election results, escalating border tensions with Guyana, a renewed electoral-political cycle, and worsening climate change-related challenges. These dynamics occur alongside a limited political and institutional capacity to absorb such negative shocks, coupled with the domestic economy’s profound inability to sustain growth in such a hostile environment.

This study examined gaps and gains of WAAPP interventions on the agricultural productivity of farmers in IAR&T-adopted villages of southwest Nigeria. Purposively, 4 adopted villages where the WAAPP project was implemented were selected and a total of 138 farmers were interviewed. With the use of a questionnaire, the study assessed the impact of WAAPP project on the specific agricultural needs of villages, determined agricultural productivity for crop and livestock enterprises and identified challenges associated with the intervention. Linear regression model, variance analysis, and t-test were used to achieve the study objectives. Major gaps identified in WAAPP activities were inconsistencies in operation (x̄ = 2.36), limited market access (x̄ = 2.35) and poor communication with members (x̄= 2.35). Significant differences also existed in the impact of WAAPP intervention among villages (F= 5.103), and enterprise type (F=4.553). Sex (β = 0.373), age (β = 0.312) and enterprise type (β ...

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This study was motivated by the realisation that although public and civil society projects interventions emphasize dairy intensification, dairy producers adopt systems that exhibit a continuum of intensification stretching from extensive to intensive levels. De-intensification of zero grazing, downgrading of herds in other grazing systems and adoption of extensive or intensive systems on farmers' own accord have been observed. The purpose of this study was to examine enterprise choices and resource allocation in different dairy systems under traditional (observed) and optimum (profit driven) scenarios. Longitudinal data used was obtained from 14 representative farms for zero grazed, tethered, herded, semi-intensive and fenced dairy systems in Masaka, Mbarara and Jinja districts. Observed and profit driven farm plans were assessed by whole-farm modeling using Linear Programming net farm benefit maximization. Results obtained show that net farm benefits were significantly higher ...

The millions of food insecure people in India are not solely due to inadequate food production, but also because some people are simply too poor to buy food. This study assessed how a large-scale conversion from conventional to organic production would impact on the economics of marginal and small farmers in Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh, and on the total food production in these states. This study also considered a situation where fertilizer subsidies would be discontinued, with farmers having to carry the full cost of fertilizer. Results show that conversion to organic improved the economic situation of farmers although food production was reduced by 3–5% in the organic situation. Thus, the estimated economic values were higher in the organic system (5–40% in fertilizer subsidy scenario and 22–132% in no fertilizer subsidy scenario) than in the conventional system, whereas the total state-level food productions were lowered by 3–5% in the organic compared to the conventional syste...

The existing literature widely addresses countries' specific challenges and priorities in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, these efforts mostly remain either global-generalist or local-narrower scales, containing a big gap for the studies holistically exploring the issue through geographic and economic scales in a global manner. Aiming to provide a contribution to bridging the gap, this study presents a holistic approach by conducting a multi-scaled content analysis on voluntary national reviews (VNRs) of 188 countries, delivering comparative research on global, geographic, and economic challenges and priorities of their SDGs achievement. The prominent findings indicate that global and economic groups' challenges are clustered around poverty and crises, accounting for more than 60%, while the leading priorities include education, strong governance, and source protection within the same range. In all geographic classifications, over 50% of countries identify the challenges as crises, poverty, and climate change, and verbalize priorities as governance, source protection, education, and climate change. The findings advise policymakers to consider and prioritize geographical differences in SDGs analyses. While climate change is a common priority across all geographic and economic scales, policymakers should focus on strategies based on governance and local needs on a geographic scale rather than an economic one. For governments, lack of data and inadequate reporting initiatives are vital challenges in policymaking and international cooperation. These issues necessitate more effective monitoring of SDGs achievement processes and adaptation to local contexts.

This study aims to determine the factors affecting food consumption as carbohydrate sources in the province of West Sumatra. The data used is the data for SocioEconomic Survey of 2011 which is sourced from Statistics of West Sumatra Province. To see the factors that affect food consumption models built carbohydrate Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) were analyzed by the method of Seemingly Unrelated Regresion (SUR). Results of the study showed that the factors that influence food consumption of carbohydrate source is the price of the commodity itself, other commodity prices, education, household income, household mother, spending on consumption and region of residence. Response to price themselves commodities carbohydrate food sources are negative which indicates that all categories of commodities including normal goods. Shows the cross-price response substitution and complementary relationships between each commodity, all revenue Response carbohydrate food commodities is positive, w...

Orchards for growing apples in Lebanon occupy 19% of the fruit growing area of the country, and it is the main fruit crop of the mountain areas. The varieties introduced to Lebanon since the 50's are the “Golden Delicious” and the “Starking Delicious”. At the time, all the production was sold immediately after harvest. Currently, the market demands impose a delayed sale after storage. Several diseases have appeared in storage such as the Bitter pit and scald. This has led to a loss of fruit quality and subsequently the loss of markets. Our research seeks to improve the quality of the fruits so that they become consistent with market standards while using foliar fertilizers. An analysis of the main components directly influencing the quality of the apple was conducted (malic acid, brix levels, content of calcium, nitrogen phosphorus, potassium) with the effect of these fertilizers on the Apple caliber as the criterion base in marketing. Experiments have proven that the 4 foliar f...

Agribisnis kacang tanah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan sudah lama berkembang walaupun belum optimal. Pada musim panen kacang tanah produksi regional yang berasal dari lahan sawah maupun lahan kering bisa digunakan untuk kebutuhan lokal, bahkan diperdagangkan antarpulau. Jika musim panen sudah lewat, pedagang kacang tanah akan memenuhi kebutuhan lokal dengan mendatangkan kacang tanah dari luar pulau dan impor. Produksi di tingkat petani mengalami hambatan seperti penggunaan benih yang kurang berkualitas, penggunaan pupuk dan sarana produksi lainnya tidak optimal, dan infrastruktur jalan yang buruk. Pungutan tidak resmi banyak dalam pengangkutan kacang tanah dari sentra produksi ke pasar di perkotaan. Pedagang kacang tanah umumnya membeli kacang tanah dari petani berupa polong segar atau polong kering. Keuntungan pedagang besar diperoleh melalui kegiatan pasca panen dengan mengolah kacang tanah polong segar atau polong kering menjadi biji kering. Pengecer di perkotaan menjual kacang tanah dalam bentuk polong segar maupun biji kering. Konsumen kacang tanah dalam bentuk biji kering sebagian besar adalah pabrik pengolahan kacang tanah setempat. Akses kredit untuk petani akan bisa meningkatkan produksi kacang tanah melalui pembelian sarana produksi yang lebih baik dalam hal kuantitas dan kualitas. Pedagang seharusnya bisa difasilitasi akses kredit program untuk permodalan agar skala usahanya meningkat dan biaya operasionalnya lebih murah. Kemitraan antara petani dengan perusahaan pengolah kacang tanah dapat meningkatkan kinerja agribisnis kacang tanah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan.

Citrus (Citrus sp.) is the world’s leading tree-fruit crop comprising of many tree species and the third most important fruit crop in India next to Mango and Banana. It occupies a place of considerable importance in the fruit economy of the country. Acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle), from the family Rutaceae originated in India and then spread to the Middle East and other tropical and subtropical countries [1]. The major citrus producing countries are Brazil, Spain, USA, Israel, Morocco, China, Mexico, Russia, India, Canada, South Africa etc. In India, it is cultivated in 1.055 Mha area with a production of 12.746 MT, among which lemon and lime contribute about 0.255 Mha in area, 2.523 MT on production. The major producing states are Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab etc., [2]. Odisha accounts for 9.37 per cent and ranked 4 th to the national production of citrus fruits. Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar, Koraput, Ganjam, Gajapati, Dhenkanal are the major lime growing areas in Odisha. Th...

The data, focusing on the supply of pineapple for industrial processing in Thailand during the period from 2011-2020, was acquired. The data indicated that productivity had tended to decrease during the period between 2011-2015 due to phenomena of drought and a reduction in prices, while increasing trends were observed during the years between 2016 - 2019. In the year 2020, Thailand was the biggest exporter of canned pineapple in the world, and the export value was approximately 345 million U.S. dollars. During the process, the generated by-products were peels, cores, stems, and crowns at approximately 35.5, 14.7, 4.6, and 4.3%, respectively. Based on the annual production of 1,689,884 tons, the total by-products from pineapple processing would generate 993,402.4 tons, which could be divided into peels, cores, stems, and crowns at 596,713.8, 247,089.9, 773,20.7, and 722,78.0 tons, respectively. Valorization of by-product for health applications such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and ...

Wheat is an integral part of food as well as nutrition security holding a significant share in the consumption basket. Hence, any extreme deviations in the staple food price will affect the prospects of the economy. In the context, we analysed the price dynamics and price volatility in Indian wholesale wheat markets using compound annual growth rate, instability indices, and Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model. The study sourced monthly data (July 2002 to June 2019) from the AGMARKNET portal for 15 states. Research findings indicated that the wholesale price, as well as divergence between maximum and minimum price, was highest in the case of Kerala implying the non-production region. Monthly price indices (highest as well as lowest in Haryana respectively during December: 109.90 and July: 91.48) exhibited a clear-cut seasonality attributed to the wheat arrivals post-crop harvest. Barring Maharashtra, the growth and variation in seasonal price indices were positive and relatively low respectively across markets. Corroborating the price trend, Kerala exhibited the highest volatility as evident by the GARCH model estimates, followed by Gujarat, Haryana and Chhattisgarh. Inter alia, volatility in wheat prices is directly linked to regional production. The study advocates for effective dissemination of market information such as price forecast, demand and supply to counter the price volatility as well as decision making for profitable agri-business.

Wheat is an integral part of food as well as nutrition security holding a significant share in the consumption basket. Hence, any extreme deviations in the staple food price will affect the prospects of the economy. In the context, we analysed the price dynamics and price volatility in Indian wholesale wheat markets using compound annual growth rate, instability indices, and Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model. The study sourced monthly data (July 2002 to June 2019) from the AGMARKNET portal for 15 states. Research findings indicated that the wholesale price, as well as divergence between maximum and minimum price, was highest in the case of Kerala implying the non-production region. Monthly price indices (highest as well as lowest in Haryana respectively during December: 109.90 and July: 91.48) exhibited a clear-cut seasonality attributed to the wheat arrivals post-crop harvest. Barring Maharashtra, the growth and variation in seasonal price indices were positive and relatively low respectively across markets. Corroborating the price trend, Kerala exhibited the highest volatility as evident by the GARCH model estimates, followed by Gujarat, Haryana and Chhattisgarh. Inter alia, volatility in wheat prices is directly linked to regional production. The study advocates for effective dissemination of market information such as price forecast, demand and supply to counter the price volatility as well as decision making for profitable agri-business.

This paper reports the results of an exploratory investigation of the coping strategies of a small group of local food consumer "activists" -those committed to, and those who promote "eating locally" in Michigan. Following a brief review of discussions surrounding different definitions of local food and the concept of coping strategy, this paper presents the methods for collecting preliminary information about local food coping strategies in Michigan and then discusses the coping strategies of these activists. The consumers we interviewed mostly adopt problem-centered strategies: they change their foodconsumption habits including shopping, purchasing, cooking, storing and obviously, eating. None of these changes are easy to implement, and most require re-allocations of time as well as trade-offs to overcome time and cost barriers. In return, most of these consumers feel empowered.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic is currently attracting public attention. It appears that the health and wellbeing behaviors of both health behavior, dietary habits, and food security are evident. Purpose: This study aims to look at a picture of people's lives, especially in being selective in choosing family consumption products for food security during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: Data collection is done by filling out a questionnaire that was previously created and entered in the Google Form application with 80 respondents. Results: Based on data analysis, the most information obtained about Covid-19 was obtained from thesocial media as much as 56%. The motivation of consumers in buying products is 72.40% because it is to fulfill their needs. 41.3% of places to shop during Covid-19 at the nearest store. Information about buying necessities obtained from individuals (family, neighbors, and acquaintances) was 55.5%. Eating habits, diversity of food methods of obtaining, processed food that learned, and bought food obtained an average of 73.9%. Conclusion: Being selective in choosing family consumption products both from increasing eating habits also affects the diversity of food eaten, as well as experiencing an increase in the frequency and number of meals.

This study investigated the food preferences and consumption of elementary school pupils and the factors that influence them. A stratified random sampling with equal allocation was used to determine the respondents of the study from among the pupils in an elementary school in Palo, Leyte. The 3-point hedonic food preference scale and the 3-point hedonic food consumption scale were also used in the study to determine which foods were preferred and consumed by the pupils. The scale used in this study was based on the foods available in the respondent’s environment and the factors reported in the relevant research literature. The gathered data were subjected to different statistical treatments in order to answer the research questions. This study was able to determine the food preferences and food consumption of basic education students. Moreover, the study findings may provide deeper insights into food preference and food consumption among elementary school pupils and contribute usefu...

South Africa is a water-stressed country where water availability is an important constraint to economic and social development, and will become even more so in the future if this scarce resource is not managed effectively. In order to manage this scarce supply of water, we need to value it. This study focuses on the value of water in the agricultural sector, in particular the marginal revenue of water for six irrigation commodities namely avocados, bananas, grapefruit, mangoes, oranges and sugarcane. A quadratic production function was fitted with an SUR model specification in a panel data study from 1975 to 2002 to obtain marginal revenue functions for each of the six commodities. We found that mangoes are the most efficient commodity in its water use relative to revenue generated (marginal revenue of water equals R25.43/m³ in 2002) and sugarcane the least efficient (marginal revenue of water equals R1.67/m³ in 2002). The marginal revenue of water is not an indication of the true "market" price. Neither is it an indication what the administered price should be. The marginal revenue of water is rather a guideline for policy makers to determine which industries or commodities within an industry can generate the largest revenue per unit water applied.

The analysis of prices and market arrivals over time is important for formulating a sound agricultural price policy. Fluctuations in market arrivals largely contribute to price instability. In order to devise the appropriate ways and means for reducing the price fluctuations of agricultural commodities, there is a need to have a thorough understanding of the price behavior over time.Forecasting the price of agricultural commodities, presents some unique challenges such as data quality issues, weather aberrations, high fluctuations, price variations across neighboring marketplaces, etc. On the demand side, the instability in the prices of agricultural commodities is influenced by a number of factors such as annual variation in production, low price elasticity of demand and seasonality of agricultural production.The study relied upon the secondary time series data on monthly market prices and arrivals of Okra collected from the Agricultural Produce Market Committee, Surat. Analysis wa...

The study was conducted to find out the pattern of labour engagement (both family andhired labour), price realization of different type of small tea growers and economic analysisof the small tea growing system. Small tea growers of Jalpaiguri and Uttar Dinajpur districtof West Bengal were selected purposively. The present study mainly considered primarydata for analysis and a small amount of secondary data was also collected from records ofConfederation of Indian Small Tea Growers’ Association (CISTA) and Self-Help Group(SHG) registers. It has been found that there is a variation in price of green leaves in bothdistricts and higher rates are observed in the month of March. SHGs with own processingunits were found to fetch higher prices compared to other units because of their collectivebargaining power, absence of middlemen and owing co-operative processing units. Numberof such SHGs, with processing units were found in Jalpaiguri district whereas, UttarDinajpur district recorded no ...

Volume impor gandum di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Peningkatan ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, terutama tingkat konsumsi masyarakat dan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk. Seiring meningkatnya jumlah populasi, kebutuhan akan gandum sebagai bahan pangan turut meningkat, sehingga mendorong volume impor untuk memenuhi pasokan pangan nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi gandum dan jumlah populasi terhadap volume impor gandum di Indonesia menggunakan model regresi linear berganda. Selain itu, dilakukan analisis peramalan untuk memproyeksikan volume impor pada tahun 2024 dan 2025. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel populasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap impor gandum, sedangkan konsumsi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan. Model peramalan tren yang digunakan menunjukkan peningkatan impor gandum yang cukup signifikan dari tahun ke tahun. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi perencanaan dan pengelolaan impor yang tepat serta upaya peningkatan produksi gandum domestik guna mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap impor dan mewujudkan ketahanan pangan nasional.

Kata kunci: Gandum, Impor, Konsumsi, Populasi, Peramalan, Regresi Linear Berganda

This study aims to study impact of socio-economic characteristics of farmers on access to agricultural credit in Pakistan. Data have been collected using a structured questionnaire from a sample of 80 beneficiaries of formal agricultural credit from the district Swabi of Khyber Pahktunkhwa province. Amount of credit borrowed by the farmers is used as dependent variable whereas, the independent variables are different socio-economic characteristics of the borrowers of the agricultural credit including age, marital status, education, number of dependents, other occupations, farm size, farm status, tenancy status, farming experience, income from farming, and income from other occupations. The dependent variable is a categorical variable; therefore the Ordered Logit Model has been used for analysis of data. Findings suggest that the amount of agricultural credit that can be borrowed by the farmers is significantly affected by their marital status, farm status, farm size, and education l...

A study was carried out for two consecutive years (2018-19 and 2019-20) at All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture Indore of Madhya Pradesh. Four cropping systems viz. Soybean -Chickpea, Maize-Chickpea, Maize-Sweet corn (Green cob) and Soybean-Onion were sown for the trial. Rabi crops were irrigated through the water stored in farm pond (rainwater harvesting structure). The study reported that during 2018-19, Soybean and maize yield was 1630 kg/ha and 4333 kg/ha respectively whereas in 2019-20 it was 919 kg/ha and 652 kg/ha respectively. Productivity of Kharif crops in second year severely affected due to excess and continue rain fall during crop growth period. Annual rainfall for the years were 756.7mm and 1565.4mm respectively whereas normal annual rainfall is 984mm Water use efficiency of soybean and Maize were 2.62 kg/ha-mm and 7.87 kg/ha-mm respectively during kharif of year 2018-19, whereas next year, WUE of soybean and Maize were 0.64 kg/ha-mm and 0.45kg/ha-mm respectively. On the basis of pooled data of economics of different system, it is clear that Soybean -Onion found the more remunerative as it recorded total net returns Rs. 189161/per hectare with B: C ratio 4.16 whereas, the lowest was recorded with Soybean -Chickpea (Rs. 64551/with B: C ratio 2.8). Yield, WUE and economics of the crops clearly indicate that climate change severely affects the kharif crops but rainwater stored in farm pond can mitigate it in rabi crops.

In order to ensure self-sufficiency, the current pulses requirement in the country is estimated at 22.5 MT. Keeping in view the trends in population growth rate and that several other options besides pulses are now available for meeting protein requirements of the people due to change in food habits of masses, the pulse requirement in the country is projected at 32 MT by the year 2030 and 39 million tonnes by the year 2050. This necessitates an annual growth rate of 2.2% requiring a phenomenal shift in research, technology generation, its dissemination, and commercialization along with capacity building in frontier areas of research. In every five year interval productivity will have to be enhanced by an average of about 80 kg/ha over the previous one to achieve a final productivity rate of 950 kg/ha by the end of 2025 and 1335 kg/ha by the end of 2050. The above-stated projections have been made assuming that practically it will be feasible to increase about 4 million ha additional...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sektor pertanian sebagai sektor unggulan dalam pembangunan wilayah Kabupaten Tebo dan mengidentifikasi komoditi pertanian yang menjadi komoditi unggulan Kabupaten Tebo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis location quotient dan shift share analysis. Sektor pertanian sebagai sektor unggulan dapat dilihat dari nilai analisis location quotient yang nilainya lebih besar dari 1. Berdasarkan hasil shift share analysis menunjukkan sektor pertanian memiliki pertumbuhan yang cepat atau menonjol baik di Kabupaten Tebo maupun di Provinsi Jambi. Selanjutnya komoditi pertanian yang merupakan komoditi unggulan adalah komoditi karet, padi ladang, kacang kedelai, kacang tanah, kacang hijau, ubi kayu, mangga, dan durian. Komoditi tersebut memiliki nilai analisis location quotient lebih besar dari 1. Berdasarkan hasil shift share analysis menunjukkan komoditi pertani...

Smallholders can capture opportunities presented by increasing demands for livestock products due to growing populations, incomes and urbanisation. This is only feasible if smallholders remain competitive. The dominance of smallholders among livestock producers, supplying at least half of total supply of livestock products in our target regions, is strong. This is particularly true in ruminant production (beef, small ruminants and milk) and remains the case in developing country pig and poultry (see Figure 1).