Development Economics

Employing a matched employer-employee dataset, this paper explores the effects of exchange rate volatility on the growth performances of domestic versus foreign, and publicly traded versus non-traded private manufacturing firms in a major developing country, Turkey. The empirical results using dynamic panel data estimation techniques and comprehensive robustness tests suggest that exchange rate volatility has a significant growth reducing effect on manufacturing firms. However, having access to foreign, and to a lesser degree, domestic equity markets is found to reduce these negative effects at significant levels. These findings continue to hold after controlling for firm heterogeneity due to differences in export orientation, external indebtedness, profitability, productivity, size, industrial characteristics, and time-variant institutional changes.

If a chronological economic history of India were prepared with eighteen 'Books' in the style of the Mahabharata, the experiences of the period 1951-1991 ought to appear in "Padkalpana Parvan", the Book on Planning. It is often difficult to appreciate just a chapter from such a Book in isolation. When I reflect upon this substantial volume, introduced as "an analytical macroeconomic history of India from 1964 to 1991 " (page 1), I feel that the time span and the macro economic approach make it a useful supplement to the earlier studies such as Sukhamoy Chakravarty's Development Planning: The Indian Experience (1987), Bimal Jalan's India's Economic Crisis (1991) and Jagdish Bhagwati's India in Transition: Freeing the Economy. (1993). From such an insightful collection, it is now possible to gain a spectrum of views on the successes and failures over the entire period. In commenting upon the year 1990-91, a year which was "among the cruellest in India's post independence history ", Bimal Jalan pointed out that, in addition to the critical social and economic crises facing the government, there was "a widespread feeling in the country that something is 'missing' or wrong in the way we have organized our economy in the last forty years. True there has been progress. But our achievements seem to have fallen far short of original expectations. The economy seems to lurch from one crisis to another" (p. 4). If one enjoys looking primarily at India's "crises ", one will find a number of features of Joshi and Little particularly appealing; on the other hand, one has to turn to other sources to gain a balanced view of the "progress" that Jalan refers to. Let me first start with a thumb-nail sketch• Part 1 of the book provides an impressionistic historical account and a description of the nature of markets and the role of the public sector. Part 2 is a canto on crises. It starts with an account (Chapter 3) of the macroeconomic events of the whole period 1964-91. The reader is then guided through the entire time-interval by a closer view of four major

On 5 May 2023, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the end of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) for COVID-19. It is important to learn lessons from our experience, including the management shifting from pandemic to endemic. It is the time to create the foundations for a pandemic resilient society, in order to avoid similar health and economic catastrophes for the next time around. Building a pandemic resilient society requires sustainable, long-term financing and resilience requires an inter-sectorial dialogue within society across different sectors, not only within the health sector. This paper provides policy recommendations and a set of good practices to implement structures for a pandemic-resilient society.

Historically, football 1 experts' predictions 2 were the only method of predicting the outcomes of championships. Former players, coaches, and nearly all fans have tried their hand at it. And most of these predictions were wrong, since subjective desires and prevailing public opinions always played a major role. In the meantime, however, reliable methods are being used to make scientific predictions. And the methods utilized are becoming more and more complex. 3

кандидат політичних наук, доцент кафедри міжнародних відносин, інформації та регіональних студій Національного авіаційного університету Пропонована стаття присвячена проблемі використання дипломатичних інструментів у зовнішній політиці сучасної держави. Безпосереднім аспектом, що виноситься на розгляд є дослідження багатосторонніх переговорів в сучасних відносинах КНР з державами Африки. В основу дослідження покладено структурно-функціональний підхід вивчення роботи Форуму із співробітництва Китаю і Африки як універсальної платформи багатостороннього співробітництва і переговорів між КНР та африканськими державами. Основною перевагою Форуму є його орієнтація на розвиток тісних партнерських відносин. Його порядок денний обговорюється у широкому форматі за допомогою діалогів на рівні послів, генерального директора, високопосадовців та міністрів на африканських та китайських переговорних майданчиках, що послідовно чергуються. Стратегічні пріоритети китайсько-африканських відносин сформульовані в рамках різного роду спеціалізованих переговорних суб-форумів, які проводяться паралельно з ФСКА та фокусуються на таких галузях, як сільське господарство, наука та технології, молодь, право, жінки, культура, обміни між аналітичними центрами. Досліджуючи багатосторонній формат переговорів КНР з державами Африки автор статті зосереджує увагу на таких питаннях, як: 1) рівні учасників переговорного процесу; 2) якість підготовки та компетентність учасників переговорів; 3) стиль ведення переговорів; 4) внутрішні та зовнішні чинники, що визначають характер переговорного процесу в цілому. У висновках автор доводить низку недоліків та вузьких місць структурного і функціонального порядку, що не дозволяють наразі державам Африки ефективно використовувати формат багатосторонніх переговорів у розвитку політичних та економічних відносин з КНР. Ключові слова: Китай, Африка, багатосторонність, дипломатія, міжнародні переговори, Форум із співробітництва Китаю і Африки. The proposed article is devoted to the problem of using diplomatic tools in the foreign policy of the modern state. A specific aspect of consideration is the study of multilateral negotiations in the modern relations of the PRC with African states. The research is based on a structural-functional approach to studying the work of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation as a universal platform for multilateral cooperation and negotiations between China and African states. The main advantage of the Forum is its focus on the development of close partnership relations. Its agenda is discussed in a broad format through dialogues at the level of ambassadors, the director-general, senior officials and ministers in alternating African and Chinese negotiating platforms. The strategic priorities of Sino-African relations are formulated in the framework of various specialized negotiation sub-forums, which are held in parallel with FOCAC and focus on such areas as agriculture, science and technology, youth, law, women, culture, exchanges between think tanks. Investigating the multilateral format of China's negotiations with African states the author focuses attention on such issues as: 1) levels of participants in the negotiation process; 2) quality of training and competence of the participants in the negotiations; 3) negotiation style; 4) internal and external factors that determine the nature of the negotiation process. In the conclusions, the author proves a number of shortcomings and bottlenecks of the structural and functional order, which currently do not allow African states to effectively use the format of multilateral negotiations in the development of political and economic relations with the PRC.

East Java has a large amount of arid terrain with a dry environment that could potentially be used for maize cultivation. It hasn't been managed well, with little irrigation that only depends on rainfall and poor soil fertility. It is possible to grow maize on dry terrain, but first it is important to consider whether socioeconomic strategies are effective, affordable, and simple to use. Five land management approaches, including (a) water management, (b) nutrient management, (c) organic matter management, (d) soil amelioration and conservation, and (e) crop integration livestock or institutions, are required to address the major issues of restricted water and low soil fertility. Activities to develop dry climate dry land agriculture are carried out during the dry season (MK 1) 2019 in Kandang Village, Kapongan District, Regency Situbondo in an area of 20 hectares. These activities include research on superimposed planting systems, irrigation, and biocahar as well as display of maize varieties and fertilisation.

This study examined interest rate variations among banks in Ghana. The objective of the study was to estimate the key driving factor(s) that influences interest rate spreads in Ghana. It was also the aim of this study to examine the impact of the 2008/2009 financial crises on this relationship, to know whether ownership (foreign and local banks) differences in this relationship is significant and to know whether age of the bank determines their interest rate spread. The study used an unbalanced panel of all 28 banks from 2000 to 2011. The fixed effect estimation technique was employed throughout the analysis of data. The study found that, for bank specific variables, age of a bank was significant and a positive determinant of net interest margin while ownership structure had a significant negative impact on net interest margin. This suggests that banks that have been in operations in the country for a long time seem to enjoy higher interest margins while generally most of the foreig...

The poorest are not like the poor but 'a little bit poorer'. They may benefit from policies to help the poor, but need other policies as well. Sen and Hulme (2006:8) Acknowledgements Our thanks to Bangladesh's poor people and BRAC's staff for helping us learn from their experiments and experiences. Particular thanks to Fazle Abed, Founder-Director of BRAC; Imran Matin, Munshi Sulaiman and the entire BRAC-RED team involved in research on CFPR-TUP; and Rabeya Yasmin, CFPR-TUP Programme Coordinator. 1 For more detail on economic, social and poverty indicators in Bangladesh, see Sen and Hulme (2006).

La prise en compte de l'histoire, de la temporalité, de l'intergénérationnel aurait pu également, selon notre point de vue, être davantage abordée dans ce dictionnaire. Il n'y a de développement durable ou soutenable que dans le long terme. Le temps de la mondialisation (compétitivité, ouverture, adaptation aux nouvelles donnes technologiques, etc.) n'est pas celui du développement économique (mise en place d'institutions, de construction des marchés, de progrès durables de productivité) ni celui des trajectoires socio-historiques des sociétés (construction des États et des nations, redéfinition des frontières ou double légitimation externe et interne des pouvoirs). Les sociétés construisent leur propre modernité en combinant leur temps historique propre et le temps de la mondialisation. On peut enfin évidemment discuter de certaines analyses. La définition retenue, par exemple, des biens publics est néoclassique, en reposant sur des critères naturels tels que l'exclusion et la rivalité et non sur des constructions sociopolitiques. Enfin l'ouvrage ne présente pas d'index des entrées, ce qui en faciliterait la lecture. Ce ne sont que des remarques secondaires. Ce dictionnaire est remarquable par l'ampleur et la maîtrise des sujets traités, par la clarté de l'écriture, par l'actualité de nombreux sujets et par la combinaison entre la présentation distanciée impartiale des débats et le soubassement théorique et éthique qui anime l'auteur et qui constitue un fil directeur de l'ouvrage, permettant de relier les différentes entrées. Ce dictionnaire sera très utile tant pour les étudiants, que pour les acteurs de la société civile, les décideurs, les universitaires et chercheurs, ou tout simplement pour les lecteurs cherchant à comprendre le monde dans lequel nous vivons et vivront les futures générations.

There is considerable uncertainty and debate about changes in poverty and living standards that are likely to occur in an economy in transition from centrally planned allocations to a more market-oriented basis, but a dearth of evidence and rigorous analysis remains. There is a tradeoff between policies that provide a guaranteed living standard with low inequality, albeit at a low income level, and systems that provide much higher monetary incomes, but create greater income variability and vulnerability, particularly during periods of high inflation. The Chinese experience following the economic reforms of 1978 highlights this dilemma, and our analysis strongly suggests the need for appropriate social safety nets if rapid growth is to be achieved without the poor and vulnerable bearing the costs of such growth. At the time of writing, Ehtisham Ahmad was with the Development Economics Research Program of the London School of Economics on leave of absence at the World Bank. Yan Wang was a McNamara Fellow at the World Bank. This article builds on a discussion of the historical pattern of poverty in China by . The authors are indebted to Athar Hussain, Stephen Ludlow, Alan Piazza, Christine Wallich, and Gang Zou for helpful discussions and support and to Shahid Yusuf, the staff of the World Bank China Department, and the three referees for helpful comments on an earlier draft.

Resumen
Durante 2025, la coyuntura económica en Venezuela se desarrollará en un contexto muy adverso, caracterizado por una gran incertidumbre e inestabilidad. Al endurecimiento de las relaciones con la nueva administración del Presidente Trump, hay que agregarle la evolución poco favorable del mercado petrolero que agravará la posición ya poco competitiva de Venezuela como productor de hidrocarburos. Por otra parte, la inestabilidad política interna continuará agravada por el cuestionamiento de los resultados de los comicios electorales de julio de 2024, el creciente conflicto limítrofe con Guyana, un nuevo ciclo político-electoral y el empeoramiento de los problemas asociados al cambio climático. Todo ello acontece en el marco de una baja capacidad política e institucional para absorber estos choques negativos y una importante debilidad de la economía interna para sostener el crecimiento económico en un entorno tan adverso.   

Abstract
During 2025, Venezuela's economic situation will unfold under highly adverse conditions marked by significant uncertainty and instability. In addition to the tightening of relations with the new administration of President Trump, the unfavorable trajectory of the oil market will further erode Venezuela’s already weakened competitiveness as a hydrocarbon producer. Concurrently, internal political instability will remain exacerbated by challenges to the legitimacy of the July 2024 election results, escalating border tensions with Guyana, a renewed electoral-political cycle, and worsening climate change-related challenges. These dynamics occur alongside a limited political and institutional capacity to absorb such negative shocks, coupled with the domestic economy’s profound inability to sustain growth in such a hostile environment.

This study uses the fully modify ordinary least square (FMOLS) and the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) to examineexport-led growth hypothesis in West African countries over the period 1980 to 2018. To achieve the objective of the study, panel data on Real Gross domestic product (RGDP), Exchange rate (REXR), net exports (NXPT, labor (LABR)and investment (INVS)) were collected for seventeen West African countries from database of the international financial statistics (IFS) and World Development Index (WDI). The data were analyzed using dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) and fully modify ordinary least square (FMOLS). Findings from the study show that exports had significant impact on economic growth of the West African countries investigated in this study. Based on the findings, it is recommended, among other things, that the governments of West African countries should continue with export-led economic growth since there is strong empirical evidence in support of the export-l...

中国正处于有机农业⾰命的开端。从 2000 年到 2006 年，中国有机农业管理⾯积从世界第 45 位跃升⾄第 2 位。中国现在有机园艺种植⾯积⽐任何其他国家都多。2005/2006 年，中国有 机农业种植⾯积增加了 12%。这占世界有机农业年增⻓量的 63%，中国现在拥有世界有机农 业管理⾯积的 11%。本⽂探讨了中国有机农业⾰命的先例，揭⽰了中国有机农业部⻔的进⼀步 增⻓潜⼒。对中国粮⻝⽣产统计数据的纵向分析显⽰，中国粮⻝⽣产呈现爆炸式增⻓，随之⽽ 来的出⼝能⼒对粮⻝出⼝国具有重要意义。中国通过绿⾊⻝品⾛上了⼀条实现有机未来的创新 之路。这⼀转型战略可能成为其他寻求快速扩⼤有机农业的国家效仿的典范。未来，⻝品出⼝ 国可以预⻅其化学农产品将与中国经过认证的有机农产品展开竞争。

For 20 years leading up to the uprisings of 2010-2011, Egypt and Tunisia suffered the ill effects of neoliberal economic reform, even as the international financial institutions and most economists hailed them as beacons of progress in the Arab world. For the preceding ten years, workers and civil society organizations led a burgeoning protest movement against the liberalizing and privatizing trajectories of the Mubarak and Ben Ali regimes. Then came the uprisings, which brokered the possibility of not only new political beginnings but also alternative economic programs that would put the needs of the struggling middle, working and poorer classes first and at least constrain, if not abolish, the privileges of a deposed ruling class. In Egypt, labor activists, journalists, NGO researchers and even a few government officials and capitalists eagerly shared their ideas for what should come next. 1 Their visions fell into four broad categories, from left to right: citizen-led social democracy, democratic state-led development, top-down state-led development and return to the status quo ante. The citizen-led proposals were not based on any particular ideology, but were thoughtful and became increasingly detailed even as the arena for frank public discussion shrank. These proposals could form an integrated people's program if there were a democratic elected government in Egypt committed to carrying them out. In Tunisia, democracy is muddling through with leadership inherited from the old regime, with many good ideas for economic change percolating upward, as in Egypt, but no coherent vision for how to construct a progressive alternative. In both cases, the default setting is the restoration of neoliberalism with an inclusive mask. Labor's resistance to privatization and liberalization had been surging over a decade prior to the Egyptian uprising of January 2011, coming in waves that rose to tsunami level just as the more middle-class, but equally militant, political movement came to a head with the occupation of Tahrir Square. But neither the military government that took over after Husni Mubarak's overthrow nor the government of elected President Muhammad Mursi was responsive to the needs of labor or the "occupy" movement, and street and workplace action resurged in 2012 and 2013. After a lull around the buildup of the Tamarrud movement and the military's ouster of Mursi, labor actions began to mount again. Amid 1,420 protests in the first three months of 2014, involving at least 100,000 workers across many services and industries, Prime Minister Ibrahim Mahlab's government was at loggerheads with the labor movement. After another low ebb during the presidential election, the protest wave crested again when the new government refused to consider labor's demands. There were 94 labor protests in October and 111 in November of 2014. In response, the minister of manpower, Nahid al-'Ashri, backed by the prime minister, accused independent trade unions of being "the largest problem in the labor market, as they…hinder work, leading to the deterioration of the Egyptian economy."

Any dispute related to the use of the works of the IDB that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The use of the IDB's name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of IDB's logo shall be subject to a separate written license agreement between the IDB and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license. Note that link provided above includes additional terms and conditions of the license. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent.

The author is indebted to those who agreed to interviews and generously shared their time and expertise in identifying salient issues as well as providing and validating information. Special thanks are due to Prof. Yuri Kazepov for his valuable support and encouraging comments during the various stages of my research.

More than 78% of Bangladesh's export earnings come from the garment industry. The ready-made garments (RMG) sector has a greater potential than any other sector in terms of employment and foreign exchange earnings to reduce poverty and make a contribution to the national economy. In this paper, we attempt an econometric estimation of Cobb-Douglas production function in Bangladesh's ready-made garments industry and also test the hypothesis that ready-made garments industry is expected to reap better economies of scale in a competitive environment. We try to resolve some econometric issues such as heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and multicollinearity in the production function estimates by adopting different solutions and adjustment procedures with a view to obtain reliable parameter estimates. . This study has been used the annually time series data about ready-made garments production, labour wages, and capital of Tex-Town Group Limited from 2002-2013. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method is used to estimate the model. The results show that there is a positive relationship between labour wages, capital and ready-made garments production in Bangladesh. The value of R2 is 0.687. This indicates that about 68.7% of the total variation in the ready-made garments production is explained by the labour wages and capital in Bangladesh. The results are statistically significant at 5% level of significance. This study suggests that increase in labour employment and capital to increase the production of ready-made garments in Bangladesh.

The existing literature widely addresses countries' specific challenges and priorities in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, these efforts mostly remain either global-generalist or local-narrower scales, containing a big gap for the studies holistically exploring the issue through geographic and economic scales in a global manner. Aiming to provide a contribution to bridging the gap, this study presents a holistic approach by conducting a multi-scaled content analysis on voluntary national reviews (VNRs) of 188 countries, delivering comparative research on global, geographic, and economic challenges and priorities of their SDGs achievement. The prominent findings indicate that global and economic groups' challenges are clustered around poverty and crises, accounting for more than 60%, while the leading priorities include education, strong governance, and source protection within the same range. In all geographic classifications, over 50% of countries identify the challenges as crises, poverty, and climate change, and verbalize priorities as governance, source protection, education, and climate change. The findings advise policymakers to consider and prioritize geographical differences in SDGs analyses. While climate change is a common priority across all geographic and economic scales, policymakers should focus on strategies based on governance and local needs on a geographic scale rather than an economic one. For governments, lack of data and inadequate reporting initiatives are vital challenges in policymaking and international cooperation. These issues necessitate more effective monitoring of SDGs achievement processes and adaptation to local contexts.

In this study we aim to identify and measure the external returns to human capital in Brazil using information from the Ministry of Labor’s Annual Social Information Report (RAIS) on all urban agglomeration in the country for the period 2002-2014. With a two step estimation and using instrumental variables for identification we find a considerable effect of local human capital concentration on local wages. The set of results indicates that, in the case of brazilian labor market areas, the external returns to human capital are a 0.86% increase in local wages for an increase of one percentage point in college graduates. Consistent with theoretical expectations and similar to literature results, we also found that the impact of local human capital is stronger for unskilled than for skilled workers. Finally, results are robust and not equally distributed across sectors

BSS€nIII unnru BsunsEltulr rBS BtrrEl EIITOLITE^r1 -se1 ueuoturudlrsonl'ueesrur.(lsrrrI uelrpll -odrloqolp eI ueesru.,(lugESrl uaesRe]Ieturoû eiollreqrloqolp nqot essnle un^nl-01.6I n-se1 eedou ueslntnlnlsreuolol urloqoIIV '(9161 Sraqrelso ry pleIEIN)essenlnl un,tn1 -026I flern urrsrollrllelr^relurlo ue,r.(lseur -lr urluerurr^ edof eI uenlo uB^r{E^ lelroIsn 1e[e11nede,r ue[o1or1oqo11e leuoru upe]re uoq -onJ'(I o11n1net) urrsrallrrlolr,LrEturlä uänlo ue^qel sodtu ueetuonl srrule^ lnllo rsrlo elsrur -rueue E1{nru uolseel BSSndol un^nl-096l '(1 or,tn1) pue^Elons eeurnlqedel ElEl Elsas -releurons plsaprr^ gfleu qrd 'urqrop.,rqe1 eI ulrsrellrrlelr^rEturle uenlorlsel rot 696I eu -uon^ snlsrpnn uouuBpEssurBlrloqolF un) '(9161 B.reqretso ry oslee.I-urarlslqy 's1) esseuun1srele€rü esseuoru ur^ol lnllo ueplelrololur^ernlalsruup E1e essroleddnel ef essre8undnel ure^ ee11rolreq EuB]rB urET -euronlrlE,t urrlro^ grluddursrgllrqE,r ueruronl -rloqo1p rsIESr.I'plsrololur^ernlalsruue el glsrqpuddur urlodouourrloqolle uorlle^ ureê ssr^eJees r1o eruon[r1oqo1p uroloi 'ee1re ulpp?tuonfrIE,t eqd urrpale RSsetuons urollonJ '(OZOt e1"1e6) eedelrur.{.{ur €tsprle^os uonlo -rISoI eeuel ElsrBrurursua ESSnlelsnPerleP -rdrlaru urrpdsdl Rllrsreleruons tg6I euuon vdvilrNr'^w Nrnror)sr) 'BSSEuurllnt uolsolnl ue[n1a1snpar1

Depuis les années 1970, il a été érigé des politiques publiques dans le souci d'assainir l'environnement congolais. Jadis appelé « Kin -la-belle », cette appellation est loin d'être une réalité aujourd'hui. « Kin-la-belle n'est qu'un lointain souvenir dans le langage du kinois », Déjà à l'époque coloniale, il se note que la question de salubrité des habitations et leurs environs au Congo Belge était de rigueur au point où plusieurs arrêtés et ordonnances ont été mis en place pour assurer le respect de l'hygiène et de l'assainissement public. Avec l'avènement de l'indépendance, ces lois sont tombées en obsolescence. Lors de la deuxième République, le président MOBUTU a eu à lancer une opération d'assainissement dénommée « Salongo », travail collectif inventé par l'administration Mobutu (travail d'intérêt général). Cette politique publique officialisée en 1972 était pour les Zaïrois de l'époque un impôt sous forme de travail d'intérêt général, pour l'embellissement et l'assainissement de la ville. Il était assuré par l'ensemble de la population, chaque samedi après-midi. Il existait la présence d'un service de gestion des déchets et la ville disposait des poubelles partout pour que chaque déchet y soit jeté. 1 Soucieux d'assainir la ville de Kinshasa, le président de la RDC, Félix TSHISEKEDI a lancé en octobre 2019 la politique publique « Kin bopeto » évaluée à 365 millions USD.

Dix ans avant son décès survenu à l'âge de 89 ans, Emmanuel Terray ouvrait au musée du quai Branly le colloque consacré à sa personne et à son oeuvre, avec cette pointe d'humour teintée d'une lucidité douce-amère : « Je suis extrêmement sensible, plus que je ne saurais le dire, au témoignage d'amitié qui m'est donné de cette façon, et j'ai le sentiment que, du coup, un certain nombre de choses sont en ordre. Dans Une histoire du royaume d'Abron , il y a eu un roi qui s'appelait Adingra et qui, un peu contre son gré, avait été contraint de livrer bataille au puissant royaume des Ashantis. Il n'avait guère de doute sur l'issue de cette bataille, il savait qu'il serait vaincu et que son cadavre serait jeté aux chiens. Par conséquent, pour pallier cette éventualité, il avait décidé de faire célébrer ses funérailles de son vivant et sous ses yeux, de manière à ce que les choses se passent bien. C'est un peu à quoi nous procédons aujourd'hui, et cela me donne une extrême satisfaction » 1 . Je n'ai pas eu le privilège de bien connaître personnellement Emmanuel Terray, à l'instar de ses compagnons de route normaliens Alain Badiou et Étienne Balibar. Quoique lecteur assidu de son oeuvre, nos relations se sont limitées à quelques échanges lorsque je suivais, étudiant, son séminaire de recherche à l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales au milieu des années 1990, puis lorsque je préparais, durant l'année 2013, l'organisation de ce 1. Cf. les actes de Repenser l'anthropologie aujourd'hui avec Emmanuel Terray, colloque organisé les 25 et 26 mars 2014 par le Département de la recherche et de l'enseignement du musée du quai Branly et le Laboratoire d'anthropologie sociale (en libre accès : actesbranly/618). Voir, plus particulièrement, les interventions d'Alain Badiou, « La dimension rhapsodique de l'oeuvre d'Emmanuel Terray » (en libre accès : actesbranly/620), et d'Étienne Balibar, « Dans la caverne, hors de la caverne ? Situation et signification d'un dilemme » (en libre accès : ). Laurent Berger et Frédéric Keck ont choisi d'évoquer « Emmanuel Terray en sa cité anthropologique » en deux volets distincts mais complémentaires, correspondant pour chacun d'eux au lien qui le rattachait à son oeuvre : ses travaux africanistes pour le présent article, sa philosophie politique et son engagement militant au long cours pour le suivant

CADERNOS do DESENVOLVIMENTO, Rio de Janeiro, v. 12, n. 21, pp. 71-97, jul.-dez. 2017 | 71 3. Dados coletados por Carneiro (2002) mostram que diversos países "em desenvolvimento" ficaram excluídos dos primeiros anos da globalização financeira dos anos 1980, visto que os fluxos de portfólio, que passaram a ganhar protagonismo nas finanças globalizadas se dirigiram essencialmente para países desenvolvidos. 4. Contudo, foge do escopo deste artigo abordar a segunda perspectiva com profundidade. A década perdida: da restrição externa ao declínio do nacional-desenvolvimentismo brasileiro CADERNOS do DESENVOLVIMENTO | 73 irá abordar brevemente algumas reformas institucionais adotadas pelo Estado brasileiro ao longo da década de 1980, as quais devem ser analisadas em conjunto com as decisões de política econômica implementadas no mesmo período. Por fim, serão sintetizadas as principais considerações finais do artigo.

Hands, Douglas Wade: Orthodox and heterodox economics in recent economic methodology. Mireles Flores, Luis: Causality, pluralism, and economic policy making. Scarano, Eduardo R.: Economics as a separate science: A critical review. IVAROLA, LEONARDO y MARQUES, GUSTAVO: Expectations-based mechanisms - An interventionist account. Crespo, Ricardo F.: A teleological causal mechanism for economics: Socio-economic machines. Gomez, Ricardo J.: On economics and the impossibility of its reduction to physics. Weisman, Diego y Thefs, German: The ways of scientific representation: Models, maps and reality. The ways of scientific representation: Models, maps and reality. Borella, Agustina: A critical look at critical realism. Lazzarini, Andres: Mill, Hausman and the traditional method in neoclassical economics.

Between 1880 and 1930, the employment rate of children ages 10 to 15 decreased by over 75% in the U.S. economy. During this period, several U.S. states dictated state-wide child labor legislation that imposed minimum age restrictions for employment in the manufacturing sector. The objective of this paper is to characterize whether this child labor legislation contributed to the decline in children labor market participation. Previous literature on this topic, such as Moehling (10) and Moehling (11), has utilized dierence-in-dierence estimation techniques to study the eectiveness of the child labor legislation in reducing child labor. We contribute to this literature in two ways. First, we show that, under the presence of general equilibrium eects such as the ones described by Basu and Van (3), dierence-in-dierence estimation techniques can provide a misleading measure of the eectiveness of the legislation. Second, in addition to evaluating whether the legislation was eective or not,...

A drastic changing scenario is observed to manage Financial Supply Chain all over the "World" except Bangladesh. A few Banks or financial institutions in Bangladesh are implementing the concepts of Financial Supply Chain Management to provide benefits to the buyers (Anchors) and suppliers (Vendors). We explored the benefits and challenges of FSC from the management perspective of Bangladesh. The researchers made an effort to support our findings through a case study involving three parties: Bank Asia, Banga Millers limited (a sister concern of PRAN Company), and marginal suppliers. The researchers establish that trios can benefit if a strong Financial Supply Chain system can be established with the help of the latest computer software like VEEFIN. Researchers are aware of the fact that technology makes data transparent and does transaction settlement more successfully. The main objective of this paper is to discover the loopholes and challenges to popularizing the concept ...

Purpose of the research. To examine the economic system of Kazakhstan and its key indicators, specifi cally labor productivity and growth levels.Methodology. Results are justifi ed using a method of decomposition, which analyzes the fl uctuations in total productivity within and between sectors. The research involved an analysis of various sectors of the country from 2010 to 2021.Originality / value of the research. After the pandemic period, the Kazakhstani economy experienced a decline in its main macroeconomic indicators and economic growth dynamics. Consequently, there is now a growing interest in understanding the relationship between employment structure and economic growth. In this paper, the authors discuss the crucial factors that infl uence the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the labor force, as well as the level of their utilization.Findings. The signifi cant fi nding is the impact of contemporary development in Kazakhstan. As the country progresses, there is a no...

This paper addresses the question of whether growth convergence can be sustained in the global economy without compromising welfare and without causing major crises. It employs a simplified stock-flow analytical framework to examine the proposition that the pace and pattern of global growth is conditioned by 'under-consumption' in some regions of the world and 'overborrowing' in other regions. A baseline projection using the Cambridge-Alphametrics model (CAM) illustrates consequences of resumed global imbalances after the 2008-2009 crisis. An alternative scenario exemplifies the case in which China and India shift towards internal income redistribution and domestic demand orientated policies and suggests that this will not be sufficient to correct global imbalances or induce improved growth rates in other developing regions. Finally a more ambitious development perspective is simulated. Such a scenario requires internationally-coordinated policy efforts, with greater role for governments in the management of demand, income distribution and environmental sustainability, as well as measures to reduce instability of exchange rate and commodity markets.

We investigate the empirical relationship between decentralisation and corruption. Using a newly assembled dataset containing data for up to 174 countries, we revisit the empirical evidence and seek to explain some of the inconsistent results that exist in the literature. We find that not only results differ due to the use of different specifications and data but more importantly because previous research overlooks the relationship between different dimensions of decentralisation. We propose an approach aimed at exploring the aggregate effect of decentralization on corruption. In this context, we analyze the existence of direct and indirect effects of these aspects on corruption. Our results suggest that fiscal (market) decentralisation is associated with lower corruption. However, we also find that constitutional decentralisation (federalism) is associated with higher corruption. Furthermore, we find that certain forms of political decentralisation worsen the positive effect of constitutional centralization on corruption. Finally, other forms of decentralisation such as spatial decentralisation do not appear to have a strong association with corruption. Our results suggest the possibility that previous empirical work may grossly overestimate de aggregate impact of decentralization and corruption.

Using different combinations of culture, development and openness to international trade, we test the variability in the incidences of corruption at different stages of development or in other words the non-linearities in the relationship between corruption and development. We employ formal threshold model developed by , and unlike the existing literature, we find that: (1) non-linear models that search for the break points in the relationship between corruption and development are statistically preferable than linear regressions; (2) the effect of development at any stage is much lower than that has been suggested by studies using linear regressions approach; (3) both culture and openness do not affect corruption directly; rather they have an effect on the location of break points in the relationship between corruption and development.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Motivation for and objectives of the study 2 The natural resource and environmental accounting: principles and state in South Africa 2.1 The concept of sustainable income and resource rents 2.2 Development of the resource accounts for minerals 2.3 Measurement of resource rents for minerals resources 2.4 The state of natural resource accounting in South Africa 3 Mining and the South African economy 4 The natural resource accounts for minerals in South Africa 4.1 Gold resource accounts 4.2 Coal resource accounts 4.3 Other minerals and total mining 4.4 The share of mineral assets in national wealth 4.5 Calculation of the user cost of capital for gold and coal 5 Implications for sustainable resource management and macroeconomic development and policy 6 Conclusion

Energy is very important for the development of any country in this world and Malawi is not exceptional. Malawi depends mainly on the Hydro Electric Power, fossil fuels and biomass on its energy sources for social economic and industrial activities. Due to increase in demand, Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi (ESCOM) has more pressure to supply the power to increased number of industry and domestic use which lead to more frequent blackouts throughout the country. In this regard there is need for an alternative source of energy, and solar energy is the most common and easy to get. The main objective of this study is to assess the potential for solar energy generation over Malawi, results of which would lead to harnessing solar energy in the country. The monthly mean sunshine hours and solar radiation values for the period of 30 years from 13 sites were analyzed in this study. Monthly and seasonal variations of sunshine hours and solar radiation were determined. Long vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .

This paper makes a contribution to the study of economic growth in developing countries by analysing the six largest Latin American economies over 105 years within a two-equation framework. Confirming previous findings, physical and human capital prove to be key determinants of GDP per capita growth. However, a more controversial result is an overall negative conditional correlation between trade openness and GDP per head growth -though openness has a positive link via investment. The evidence also shows that macroeconomic instability has been a drag on long-term growth in the region.

This paper deals with urban and regional planning and the effect of industrial growth on the distribution of income and poverty levels in developing countries. It suggests that in Thailand regional inequality is increasing and that poverty in some Thai cities may have increased in recent years. Migration from the poorer regions to the urban areas could explain this, but the national accounts suggest not. Scant public examination of poverty trends adds to the difficulty of understanding the impact of growth on poverty. The paper also uses recent data collected from Bangkok slums to discuss the problems of the poor in a more dynamic urban context and suggest how poverty and inequality trends might be more fruitfully analysed in the future. There is a growing interest among planners in the rapid economic growth of cities and their regions in developing countries, not only because many of these ~etropolitan areas are, or soon will be, more populous than most cities in the Industrialised world, but also because industrial locations in such cities represent a SOurce of increasing competition with regions in North America and Europe. A number of developing countries, particularly in South-east Asia, have experienced record economic growth accompanied by rapid and unplanned urbanisation. Planners and policy makers in these regions are often not fully aware of the Consequences of economic and urban growth on their citizens and need better

Bu çalışmada, güncel verilerden yararlanılarak Türkiye geneli ile karşılaştırmalar yapılarak Kahramanmaraş ili özelinde seçilmiş sosyo-ekonomik gelişme göstergeleri ele alınmaktadır. Söz konusu veriler, vergi göstergeleri ile incelenerek Kahramanmaraş'ın hem ekonomik hem de sosyokültürel konumu değerlendirilmektedir. Yapılan betimsel analiz sonucunda, Kahramanmaraş ilinin hem ekonomik hem de sosyal göstergeler bakımından potansiyelinin altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumun çözüme kavuşturulması ve Kahramanmaraş'ın sosyo-ekonomik gelişmişlik seviyesinin artırılması için vergisel sistem uygulamalarının geliştirilmesi, sosyo-ekonomik gelişmeyi artıracak politikaların uygulanması, vergi bilincinin artırılmasına yönelik politikaların geliştirilmesinin önemli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.