Registration of “Gizlenci” Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Variety

2020

Currently, approximately 900,000 tons of rice is produced annually in Turkey from a rice cultivation area of around 120,000 ha, which is equivalent to 28% of the rice growing area in the European Union. Since 1990, 63 rice varieties have been bred in Turkey and national rice production has increased 3.5-fold. Therefore, we reviewed the shifts in agronomic traits and the genetic resources used in rice varietal improvements in Turkey from 1990 to the present. We also compared the agronomic traits of Turkish-bred and Italian rice varieties. The shifts in agronomic traits in this period showed that the number of days to flowering decreased by about one day from S 1 (1990-2003) and S 2 (2004-2015) to S 3 (2016-present). Additionally, culm length decreased by 6 cm from S 1 to S 2 and S 3 , and 1000 grain weight decreased continuously from S 1 to S 3 to the current average value of 24.1 g. In contrast, the head rice ratio increased continuously from 59.8% in S 1 to 64.9% in S 3. The rice sector in Turkey must overcome new challenges of market competition with Italian rice varieties; we found that three Italian rice varieties (Cameo, Ronaldo, and Luna CL) shared 25% of the 2016 rice market in Turkey. In addition, Turkish rice had longer maturation periods, shorter caryopsis, and lower head rice recovery relative to Italian varieties. Pedigree analysis of Turkish varieties also revealed that 62% had at least one Italian variety as a hybridization parent. We suggest that extensive use of Italian varieties in Turkish rice breeding programs may result in reduced genetic diversity; hence, low genetic diversity could be a critical constraint in future rice breeding in Turkey.

2020

Currently, approximately 900,000 tons of rice is produced annually in Turkey from a rice cultivation area of around 120,000 ha, which is equivalent to 28% of the rice growing area in the European Union. Since 1990, 63 rice varieties have been bred in Turkey and national rice production has increased 3.5-fold. Therefore, we reviewed the shifts in agronomic traits and the genetic resources used in rice varietal improvements in Turkey from 1990 to the present. We also compared the agronomic traits of Turkish-bred and Italian rice varieties. The shifts in agronomic traits in this period showed that the number of days to flowering decreased by about one day from S 1 (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003) and S 2 (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) to S 3 (2016-present). Additionally, culm length decreased by 6 cm from S 1 to S 2 and S 3 , and 1000 grain weight decreased continuously from S 1 to S 3 to the current average value of 24.1 g. In contrast, the head rice ratio increased continuously from 59.8% in S 1 to 64.9% in S 3 . The rice sector in Turkey must overcome new challenges of market competition with Italian rice varieties; we found that three Italian rice varieties (Cameo, Ronaldo, and Luna CL) shared 25% of the 2016 rice market in Turkey. In addition, Turkish rice had longer maturation periods, shorter caryopsis, and lower head rice recovery relative to Italian varieties. Pedigree analysis of Turkish varieties also revealed that 62% had at least one Italian variety as a hybridization parent. We suggest that extensive use of Italian varieties in Turkish rice breeding programs may result in reduced genetic diversity; hence, low genetic diversity could be a critical constraint in future rice breeding in Turkey.

Morphological and molecular evaluation of Turkish rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces, 2021

This study was carried out to evaluate Turkish rice landraces, in 2016 and 2017. Twenty-nine morphological traits were used for morphological evolution and 10 SSR markers were used for molecular evolution in 27 varieties. Based on morphological dendrogram, the landraces were divided in to 11 groups at 5 level differences. It was found that all 27 landraces had absent or very weak pubescence of panultimate leaf blade, broad decorated seed width and non-waxy kernel, however, they were highly polymorphic for the other 26 characters studied. In total 51 alleles were produced by screening with SSRs and among the markers; RM552 and RM287 were highly polymorphic for Turkish rice landraces with 11 and 8 alleles respectively. Average allele number was 5.1 and PIC ranged from 0.36 to 0.84. The UPGMA cluster dendrogram generated by using SSRs information and cluster grouped the 27 landraces in 2 major clusters. A significant level of polymorphism on molecular levels was observed. The study shows that some landraces with same local name were very distant from each other, while some local varieties with different names were same landraces.

The study was conducted at Experimental Field Block of Genetics Department, Hazara University Garden Campus during 2008-11. The field conditions, as well as data on various plants' parameters (i.e. for each genotype) were recorded at different stages of the plants' development. Two wild species i.e. O. longistaminata and O. rufipogon, having 62 genotypes each) and four cultivated varieties of rice of Pakistan were evaluated on the basis of various morphological traits in experimental fields, having randomize complete block design. The data of 3 cultivated rice could not be presented here due to its non availability & because of non synchronization with 2 wild sp. However there was a significant variation for all the traits studied among the selected genotypes as well as both the wild species. Both the morphological traits and the mean values showed significant variation among each other. O. longistaminata was found not suitable due to its late booting and flowering (occurring in November-December) which does not coincide with that of the local cultivars. Again the at that time is close to freezing point. The maturity period of the local cultivars is shorter than O. longistaminata . Besides other morphological traits, the weigh of 100 grains was observed to be 4.50 grams in G-58 followed by 4grams in G-5. Dendrogram of 62 genotype showed similar results among each other in all the morphological traits. The mean square values of morphological traits correlated significantly in percent sterility 328.576, percent fertility 319.121, and 100 grams of seed weight 1.11788. Inheritance of botanical traits in rice (O. sativa x O.rufipogon F1 and F2 showed 89cm and 83.38cm for plant height, where as the leaf length were at par (38 cm). Differences were observed among spikelets panicle of 113 and 129 while pollen sterility were also 78 and 28 respectively. The twenty selected genotypes on the basis of yield parameters were further evaluated for seed quality through measurements. All the seed traits studied also showed significant variation amongst the genotypes. The seed length and seed width showed maximum variation (88%) with respect to other seed traits. The derived information would be very useful for selecting suitable breeding program.

The present study was conducted to characterize the indigenous rice germplasm on the basis of morphological characteristics at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar. The germplasm consisted of 30 rice accessions were planted in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The data were recorded on 32 different agro-morphological traits (15 qualitative and 17 quantitative). The rice germplasm exhibited sufficient genetic variation for most of the qualitative and quantitative traits. Variation was observed for all the qualitative traits except anther color and ligule shape. Highly significant differences (p<0.01) were observed for the traits of flag leaf length, flag leaf breadth, culm length, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, length of primary branches panicle- 1, secondary branches panicle-1, grain length, grain width, awn length and percent leaf lession while significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for peduncle length and primary branches panicle-1. Rice accession 6531 took minimum days (95) in reaching to 50% flowering while accession 6512 displayed maximum panicle length (35.37 cm). Rice accession 6508 showed the highest values for flag leaf length (59.95 cm), primary branches panicle-1 (13), secondary branches panicle-1 (51), spikelets panicle-1 (240), and grain width (3.06 mm). The genetic potential of accessions 6508, 6547, 6512 and 6531 on account of excellent performance for various traits can be used in future rice breeding programs.

Plant Science, 2010

Researches in this paper are continuity in breeding work on rice in Macedonia. The strategy of breeding program is orient towards follow the local, regional and global needs and trends in production and consumption on rice. Experimental material is result of the classic method for developing the genetic polymorphism, interspecies hybridization. A lot of hybrid combinations are produce between genetic divergent parental pairs, that have more positive properties. After evaluation on individual lines for length of vegetation, height and type of plant, characteristics of grain and other characteristics, the best perspective homozygous lines are tested for yield of paddy and white rice, together with two standard varieties (monticelli and biser-2). In period of 2005-2007 in repeated examinations for continuous evaluation, superiority in terms of two standard varieties showed genotype 79/22-2. The researches at this genotype are extended in terms of its qualitative properties, as a precondition for his registration and recognition for introduction in production. Introduction The rice crop is a small crop in Macedonia (between 3 000 ha and 3 500 ha in the last years), but it is very important because its production covers the domestic needs and the surplus is exported. Most of the area under rice is situated in regions on Kocani, Vinica, Blatec and Stip. The average yield of paddy varies between 4 500kg/ha and 5 500kg/ha. Dominant position in production sortiment have Italian varieties san andrea, Р-76/6 and monticelli. Two new domestic rice varieties (prima riska and montessa) are recognized in 2004. These two varieties are highly yield (Ilieva at all. 2005/2006) and more important place in the production sortiment takes especially the variety prima riska. Next to these, from domestic varieties in production, the variety biser-2 can also be found in some regions. Breeding program is a continuous project to create new rice genotypes with genetic potential for high and stable yield, high quality of grain, resistant of blast, lodging and grain-drop. In the realization of these aims a significant place has introduction of genetic material from other geographic areas. Besides the possibility of directly introducing on introduced varieties in production, after their acclimatization, with hybridization between them and the already available material are create new combinations and genotypes of rice, which are used as material for the creation of new productive and high quality rice varieties. The ultimate aim of those researches is to improve and expand the varietal composition in the widespread cultivation.

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

Increasing interest in the descriptive characterisation of plant varieties in the context of intellectual property rights is stimulated by the recent agreements within the framework of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The requirements of these activities vary, for example, the varietal registration process (involving testing for distinctness, uniformity and stability-DUS) requires that a description of a newly bred variety be produced and compared to all existing varieties of common knowledge. The genuineness of variety is one of the most important characteristics of quality seed. In addition, seed certification, which forms a link between variety registration and seed production, involves an assessment of both varietal identity and purity to assure the quality of seed marked to farmer or grower. Hence characterization of two Indian bred public hybrids such as KRH-2 and DRRH-2 including their parental lines viz., IR-58025A, IR-58025B, KMR-3R, IR-68897A, IR-68897B, and DR-714-1-2R based on the seed, seedling, and plant morphological traits play an important role from many points of view to be able to distinguish between crop varieties, Out of 38 qualitative and quantitative morphological traits (as per the National DUS Test Guidelines) observed, flag leaf attitude, flag leaf length and width, days to 50% flowering and maturity, degree of panicle exertion, presence of awns, panicle secondary branching, days to maturity, leaf senescence and seed traits such as 1000-seed weight, grain length and width and shape of grain were found to be more useful for grouping of genotypes. The characters such as leaf length (varied from 22.55 cm (KRH-2) to 35.70 cm (IR-68897A), days to 50% flowering (from 73 days (IR-68897B) to 102 days (KMR-3R), panicle secondary branching (from weak to clustered), days to maturity from 112 days (IR-68897B) to 134 days (IR-58025B)), 1000-seed weight from 18.63 (IR58024A) to 24.94 g (IR-68897B)), and decorticated grain shape (from semi-spherical to elongated) exhibited more variation among the parents and hybrids.

2015

This paper presents the results of head rice yield research of rice varieties and genotypes grown in the Republic of Macedonia, conducted within the period 2009-2014. In the research, in total sixteen rice varieties and five genotypes were included, among which were the following: three Macedonian varieties (Biser 2, Prima riska and Montesa), three introduced Italian varieties, the most widely used in Macedonian rice production (Monticelli, R-76/6 and San Andrea), five newly introduced Italian varieties (Bianca, Galileo, Brio, Ellebi and Opale), five newly introduced Turkish varieties (Kiziltan, Gala, Halilbey, Gönen and Pasali) and five newly bred Macedonian rice genotypes (P1 × M, P2 × M, P × MM, MBL × M and MBL × MM). Laboratory milling (peeling or bleaching or processing) was performed on a paddy processing machine to determine the head rice yield and by-products of milling: brokens, brans and husks. According to the results obtained, the highest head rice yield (percent of whole grains after milling rough rice kernels) of the domestic varieties was achieved with Biser-2 (54.01%), while the lowest one was shown by Prima riska (49.38%). The highest head rice yield of the prevalent Italian varieties was 59,68% (Monticelli) and the lowest one was 43.35% (San Andrea). Regarding the newly introduced Italian varieties, the values of the head rice yield ranged from 35.4% (Galileo) to 64.46% (Ellebi). Among the Turkish varieties, Kiziltan showed the highest head rice yield (62,67%) and Gönen the lowest one (43.34%). In the newly bred Macedonian rice genotypes, the head rice yield ranged from 55.60% (P1 × M) to 63.77% (P × MM). The percentage of brokens, bran and husks (hulls) in all investigated varieties and genotypes varied in different years of production.

Агрознање, 2012

This paper presents the results of investigation of three newly introduced Italian rice varieties Brio, Ellebi and Opale, in comparison with two standards Prima riska and R-76/6. The field experiment (randomised block system) was conducted during 2010 and 2011 under the agro-ecological conditions of Kocani region. The paddy rice yield, stem height, panicle length and number of productive tillers per m 2 were analysed. In both years of investigation, the paddy rice yield of the standard variety R-76/6 as well as the introduced Brio, Ellebi and Opale varieties was significantly lower compared with standard Prima riska variety. he stem height of the Italian rice varieties was significantly shorter in comparison with standard varieties, in both years of testing. In general, according to the results obtained in this investigation, the newly introduced varieties: Brio, Ellebi and Opale could be included in the rice breeding programmes, especially for breeding short stem rice varieties.