History

Es necesario fortalecer la promoción de los derechos culturales así como también en los entornos que logren un poder jurídico para los ciudadanos y las comunidades RedacciónAM () 11 Dic 2014 -10:28 CET Por Andrés López Ojeda y Carmen Pérez Camacho (*) CIUDAD DE MÉXICO, 11 de diciembre (Al Momento Noticias (). -Desde hace algún tiempo existe un reconocimiento en el plano internacional sobre la importancia que tienen los derechos culturales como facultades inherentes a las personas y, en el caso de México, sucede lo mismo de una manera muy explícita pues, desde marzo de 2009 cuando se reformó el artículo 4º Constitucional se agregó lo relativo a que "toda persona tiene derecho al acceso a la cultura y al disfrute de los bienes y servicios que presta el Estado en la materia, así como el ejercicio de sus derechos culturales".

Prvi zbornik radova pod nazivom "Perspektive izučavanja Holokausta i genocida" u kojem su objavljeni naučni članci polaznika kurseva o Holokaustu koji se organizuju u Institutu za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju uz podršku Klejms Konferencije (Claims Conference)

A study is carried out on a small group of two types of roman brooches -fibulae- (Nauheim and Alesia) made of such an unusual metal for these objects as iron, coming from military contexts in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, and mostly related to the military intervention that the Emperor Augustus undertook at the beginning of his government.

La arqueología como tal ciencia, cuenta ya con un buen número de años de existencia, amén de un preludio de varios siglos durante los cuales fue conformando su estructura epistemológica, siempre en base a una analítica empirista. Podemos incluso asegurar que la arqueología, ciencia en constante evolución, cuenta ya con su historiografía propia y unos fines que, según nuestros primas experimentales resultan en estos momentos inexistentes. Avanzar ahora una denominación de arqueología, sería sumar una más a la ya larga lista de las publicadas y conocidas. Partiendo de una idea base genérica y global, se abre como una gran tela de araña, un abanico amplísimo e inagotable de matices y posibilidades; tantas como estudiosos dedicados al tema. Es inevitable que ante un problema de definición determinado, cada individuo reaccione de forma diferente y por naturaleza llegue a conclusiones o definiciones similares pero nunca iguales. En el caso que nos ocupa, para nosotros, la arqueología se definiría como: «Ciencia histórica interdisciplinar que se encarga de recuperar mediante procedimientos técnicos «in situ», los datos y documentos, materiales o no, que servirán una vez elaborados para el conocimiento de la antigüedad». De la arqueología se van a servir una serie de disciplinas académicas que, sin ella, no podrían desarrollar, al menos completamente, su

En la actualidad cualquier centro museológico no debe, o al menos no debería carecer de un laboratorio bien equipado, donde poder llevar a cabo de una manera completa y eficaz cualquier labor de Conservación y/o Restauración de sus fondos. Se trata en definitiva de solventar los problemas más acuciantes que presentan los Bienes culturales (BB.CC.) de caráaer mueble, y con ello, desarrollar una de las facetas fundamentales para los objetos custodiados. Esto es, la ineludible e inminente huella del tiempo, traducida de forma material en los más diver-.sos tipos de alteración fisico-química. Hoy abordaremos aquí el ca.so concreto de un museo arqueológico. Se describen y/o enumeran las diferentes áreas nece.sarias en un servicio de Conservación y Restauración, así como los productos y la maquinaria que es imprescindible. Distribución, montaje y caraaerísticas de su puesta en marcha. También se observa el trabajo diario de los profesionales, desde todo tipo de responsabilidades, problemática y registro en las diferentes materias y objetos, ha.sta los peligros inminentes debidos a los produaos que es necesario utilizar. Finalmente, se realizan unas reflexiones acerca de la didáctica cara al público, sobre las técnicas de Conservación y Restauración empleadas en estas siempre difíciles y mal conocidas actividades. ' lina marca comercial de reconocida efectividad puede .ser Millipore Ibérica, S.A. (Av. Llano Castellano n° 13, 2S0,•i^-.Madrid).

A partir de cuatro áreas de excavación llevadas a cabo en la población de Herrera de Pisuerga (Palencia) cuyo potencial estratigráfi co entre otras ocupaciones aportó restos de la legio IIII Macedonica, se muestran, comentan y estudian los diferentes tipos de armas recuperadas y que pertenecieron a esta unidad del ejército de Roma que participó en la conquista del norte de Hispania, y que allí permaneció entre los años 20/15 a.C.-40 d.C. Four areas, excavated at the town of Herrera de Pisuerga (Palencia), have revealed evidence of different occupations in their stratigraphic sections, including remains of the Legio IIII Macedonica. This paper describes, discusses and studies the different types of weapons that have been found. They belonged to this unit of the Roman army, which took part in the conquest of northern Hispania and which remained in the town between 20/15 BC and 40 AD. Les fouilles du site d'Herrera de Pisuerga (Palencia) ont permis de mettre au jour, dans quatre secteurs, différents niveaux d'occupation, dont l'un a livré des témoignages de la legio IIII Macedonica. Cet article décrit et discute les différents types d'armes retrouvées que l'on peut attribuer à cette unité de l'armée romaine ayant participé à la conquête de l'Hispanie septentrionale puis demeurée sur place entre 20/15 a.C. et 40 p.C.

No cabe duda que el basto territorio que Roma llegó a conquistar, administrar y defender en la antigüedad quedó absorbido por medio de la fuerza. El soldado, firme defensor y transmisor de los principios y valores de su «civilizada» cultura frente a las «bárbaras» formas de vida que le rodeaban, suponía el brazo ejecutor de aquel imperio. Este profesional en la época en la cual desarrollamos nuestra exposición era un trabajador más cuyas herramientas fueron y siempre han sido las armas. Su conocimiento y estudio ha pasado, supone hoy y serán en el futuro objetos de una antigüedad ya remota, por diversas circunstancias y problemáticas que el investigador debe solventar. Su conocimiento nos llega a través de cuatro fuentes fundamentales de información. Estas son los textos de la antigüedad (Polibio,

Este trabajo aborda el primer análisis diacrónico sobre las dagas en el ejército romano de ocupación en Hispania (España y Portugal) a través de las cincuenta y siete muestras hasta ahora conocidas, más un número inferior (ocho) de restos de sus fundas, desde el fin del siglo I a.C. al siglo III d.C., sin que posteriormente hayan sido encontrados por ahora más restos. Aunque sin desviarse demasiado de las corrientes que en cada momento imponía el gusto, tras las guerras de conquista las producciones del territorio peninsular sensiblemente no coincidieron con las de la vasta área del Limes, que estaría a la vanguardia. En lo que a dagas se refiere la primera centuria no tiene precedentes ni tendrá continuidad. This paper is the first diachronic study of daggers in the Roman Army of occupation in Hispania (Spain and Portugal), dated between the 1 st century BC and the 3 rd century AD. The fifty seven specimens that are currently known are analysed, together with a smaller number (eight) of the remains of their sheaths, as no further examples have been found subsequently. After the wars of conquest, although they did not vary too far from the fashions that were in favour at any time, the products in the Iberian Peninsula were noticeably different from those in the vast area of the Limes, which was in the vanguard. The daggers of the first century had neither precedents nor continuity.

The chapter discusses the development of the writing of Brunei history over the last six decades. The review of the historiographic production generally highlights the range of debates, approaches, major themes and issues that scholars have focused upon and how this relates to the important role history plays in modern Brunei. In the 1960s and 1970s, the writing of Brunei history significantly reflected Brunei’s relationship with Britain, with the notable exception of Donald Brown (1970)’s ‘peerless monograph’ that solely focuses on local dimensions and the internal dynamics of the sultanate. In the 1980s, a growing body of studies by local scholars spurred the emergence of national history. Many of the studies were produced by archaeologists, historians and intellectuals affiliated with the Brunei History Centre, the Brunei Museum and Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD). The utilisation of traditional manuscripts and oral sources equally contributed to the expansion of an autonomous historiography, as such sources increasingly gained currency and acceptance as a vital form of indigenous history. In surveying the writings on modern Brunei, we identified the ascendancy of Brunei political history that subsequently established a major and firm niche within the broader context of Brunei historiography. Moreover, in the 1980s, there was a new historiographical trend on non-political themes, focusing in particular on previously unexplored socio-economic developments of the country. All these historiographic developments, while offering valuable historical insights into the country’s past, led to some re-examination of earlier works, particularly those that utilised Chinese sources in the reconstruction of early Brunei. The 1962 rebellion was also revisited, as the controversial nature of this topic had significantly limited its inclusion in national history writing from the 1960s to 1980s. The multiplicity of historical themes and approaches gradually emerging from the 1990s and 2000s have been further enhanced by multidisciplinary approaches resulting not only in important publications but also works derived from sophisticated analytical and interpretive knowledge.

Старожитності Лівобережного Подніпров'я – 2022 = Antiquities of the Left Bank Dnieper Regions – 2022: збірник наукових праць / ДКіТ Полтав. ОВА; ПКМ імені Василя Кричевського; ЦОДПА; [редкол.: Бабенко Л. Л., Ковальова І. Ф., Кулатова І. М. та ін.; відп. ред. Супрунен ко О. Б.]. – Харків; Полтава : ТОВ «Майдан», 2023. – 284 с., ХVI кол. вкл., портр.

ISBN 978-966-372-884-1

Вміщені статті та публікації археологів – дослідників старожитностей Дніпровського лісостепового Лівобережжя і науковців музеїв, присвячені вшануванню пам'яті видатних учених — Хв. К. Вовка (1847-1918) та М. П. Кучери (1922-1999). Видання об'єднало матеріали досліджень з історії археології, археології бронзового і раннього залізного віків, середньовіччя та козацької епохи. Для археологів, істориків, пам'яткоохоронців, співробітників музеїв, краєзнавців, усіх, хто цікавиться найдавнішим минулим Полтавщини і Дніпровського Лівобережжя України. /
Antiquities of the Left Bank Dnieper Region – 2022: A Collection of scientific articles / Department of Culture and Tourism of the Poltava Regional Military Administration; The VasilyKrychevskyPoltavaMuseumofLocalLore; Central Department for the Protection of Cultural Heritage Sites; [Ed. board: L. L. Babenko, I. F. Kovalova, I. M. Kulatova et al.; O. B. Suprunenko (responsible editor)]. – Kharkiv; Poltava: Maidan LLC, 2023. – 284 p., XVI color inserts, portraits.
ISBN 978-966-372-884-1
This volume contains articles and publications by archaeologists studying the antiquities of the Dnieper Forest-Steppe Left Bank region, as well as museum scholars. It is dedicated to the memory of distinguished scholars Khvedir K. Vovk (1847–1918) and Mykhailo P. Kuchera (1922–1999). The publication brings together research materials on the history of archaeology, as well as studies in Bronze Age and Early Iron Age archaeology, the Middle Ages, and the Cossack era.
Intended for archaeologists, historians, heritage preservation specialists, museum professionals, local historians, and all those interested in the ancient past of Poltava region and the Left Bank Dnieper region of Ukraine.

This study belongs to a new archaeological subdiscipline in Russian and Israeli research-the archaeology of Russian presence, addressing cultural, ethnic, and geopolitical contacts between the Russian Empire and the Near Eastern, specifi cally Syro-Palestinian, population in the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. This was the time when a new sociocultural entity emerged, known as Russian Palestine. Many thousands of Orthodox Christians from Russia (including Siberia) traveled to the Holy Land each year. A prolonged Russian residence in the Ottoman part of Palestine, where Russia owned dozens of estates, had a profound impact on Palestinian culture. Important evidence thereof are archaeological sites relating to Russian estates and pilgrimage centers. This article provides information on newly discovered Russian estates in 19th century Jerusalem, remains of buildings with their infrastructure at the Russian and Benjamin's estates, and the Russian Compound outside the Jaffa Gate. Evidence of the Russian presence include numerous 18th-19th century lapidary inscriptions, utensils left by the fi rst Russian missionaries, small cemeteries, and separate burials (some of them very interesting, such as the burial of a Russian pilgrim at Aceldama, Jerusalem). One fi nd is unusual-a family synodikon from Aceldama, printed in Moscow. Among the inscriptions are professional ones, made in the monumental style, and usual prayer graffi ti. One inscription has allowed us to determine the date of the pilgrimage to Constantinople and Palestine by the Chernigov monks, described by Sylvester (Dikansky).

an unfinished colonial perspective. Despite being a work focused on British history, Gupta notes that the book alludes to and highlights (often indirectly) the immense significance of global networks and their intertwining, through the unstoppable march of imperialism, in shaping historical developments worldwide. Against this background, she argues that the reader ought to be encouraged to reconsider the characteristics and role of key historical and analytical concepts such as the state, elites, capital, public and private spheres, and, above all, empire, cogently raising the question of how to position Satia's book athwart multiple fields and how best to parse its categories of analysis. Finally, Priya Satia responds to the reviewers' criticism and insights, staking out areas of (dis) agreement, as well as some of the ways ahead that the book generates for the multiple historiographical debates that it revises.

This monograph, the work of five authors, explores the relationship between objects and peopleagriculturalists, artisans, and others outside the elite-who lived in the countryside and small towns in England between 1370 and 1600. This multiple authorship-two archaeologists and three historians-has shaped an impressive inter-disciplinary endeavour that is seldom seen. Hundreds of carefully written pages with substantial statistical, visual, and cartographic material provide well-grounded support for the arguments of the authors, in an Open Access piece that is accompanied by three fully available online databases. The book engages with two major questions: what were the objects consumed by non-elite rural and small-town households in late medieval and sixteenth-century England, and what factors influenced these consumption habits? The work thereby contributes to the vibrant scholarship on the relevance of consumption for economic growth in the pre-industrial past, and to the debates about 'consumer revolutions'. Yet objects are also seen as instruments expressing identity and meaning, in a closer connection to anthropological views that go beyond the canonical economic determinants of consumer behaviour. Contrasts between town and country are also provided throughout, discussing traditional paradigms that present peasant consumers as people having simple and frugal consumer habits. The research is based on an extensive collection of previously unpublished documents. In the absence of substantial specimens of probate inventories for the late medieval period (the popular written source for serial uses in this field), an important collection of lists of seizures of goods from felons, fugitives, and outlaws from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries is presented. These were ordered by a royal official, the escheator. For the sixteenth century, the authors turn to records of the coroner, a royal official in the Tudor era. The written evidence is discussed along with that from archaeological excavations of rural settlements. The book covers a range of areas all over England and shows real flair in dealing with the contrasts and mismatches that eventually emerge when comparing the material and the written evidence.

Irzykow ski C zy list u m ie ra ? O z lek cew a ż en iu ż y cia in d y w id u a ln e g o , "K ronika Polski i Ś w iata" 1938 n r 28, cyt. za: tegoż P ism a roz p roszon e 1936-1939, pod red. A. L am a, K raków 1999, s. 418. * J. Jarzęb ski K a riera a u ten tyk u , w: S tu d ia o n a rra cji, red. J. Błoński, S. Jaw orski, J. Staw iński, W rocław 1982. M . C zerm ińska A u tob iograficzn y trójkąt. Ś w ia d e ctw o , w y z n a n ie i w y z w a n ie, K raków 2000. ■ Por. H. K leist Ein L esen bu ch f u r u n sere Z eit, B erlin und W eim ar 1985. y Ch. T aylor Ź ródła p o d m io to w o ści. N arodziny toż sa m ości n o w o cz esn ej, W arszaw a 2001, s. 70; por. K. R osner N arra cja , toż sa m o ść i cz as, K raków 2003. ' L ist do J. N owaka z 19 p aźd ziern ik a 1900 roku, za: S. W ysp iań ski L isty róż n e -d o w ie lu a d resa tó w , oprać. M . R ydlow a, kom entarz z w ykorzystan iem m ateriałów L. Ploszew skiego -M . R ydlow a, K raków 1998, s. 173. 8/ J. Kott N ajw ięk sza p o w ie ś ć p olsk iego rom a n tyz m u , w stęp do: Z. K rasiń ski S to lis tó w d o D elfiny, W arszaw a 1966; por. M . Jan io n Tryptyk ep istologra ficz n y, w tejże: P r a ce w y b ra n e, t. 2, K raków 2000; K. Fazan S z cz era p oz a d ek ad en ta. K a z im ierz T etm ajer: m ięd z y ep isto lo g ra fią a sztuką, K raków 2001.

Whatever the journalist’s definition of eastern Europe might be (cf. S. Milisauskas in ANTIQUITY 64: 283], let us state, as introduction to this Special Section, that Czechoslovakia (FIGURE 1) is a country in Central, not Eastern, Europe. It is somewhat controversial to speak about its ‘return to Europe’, as some politicians would have it, as it has been there all the time. After the period of limited contacts of Czechoslovak archaeologists with their colleagues ‘in the West’ it is felt that now, in the changed (post-November-1989) situation, information on the current state of research, and especially on the approaches applied recently to the study of Czech and Slovak archaeological material (and perhaps on Czechoslovakia's geographical position as well?) may be of use for an interested English-speaking reader. The following – rather random – selection of articles is the result.

U radu se analiziraju povijesna i povijesno-demografska obilježja stanovništva Komina u 18. i prvoj polovici 19. stoljeća na temelju stanja duša i matice rođenih. Usporedno s antroponimijskom analizom nastoji se dati odgovor na vrijeme nastanka samog mjesta. Analiza dostupnih izvora i literature govori u prilog već iznesene teze o mletačkom napuštanju Čitluka 1715. godine, iako treba istaknuti da svi stanovnici ne dolaze isključivo s toga područja. U radu se također donosi analiza strukture kućanstava i u kraćim crtama prikazuje običaj krsne slave.

SAAEETAK: Analiza uzroka smrti temelji se na MatiËnoj knjizi umrlih aeupe Komin (1825-1874), koja obuhvaÊa dva naselja, Komin i Rogotin, danas u opÊini PloËe. Na temelju Meunarodne klasifikacije uzroci smrti su razvrstani u nekoliko skupina bolesti i stanja, a identifikacija onodobnog nazivlja izvrπena je uz pomoÊ starih medicinskih priruËnika i kazivaËa na terenu. Analiza je izvrπena na mjeseËnoj, godiπnjoj i viπegodiπnjoj razini. UoËene su godine s poveÊanom smrtnosti, koje uglavnom prate opÊe prilike u Dalmaciji, bilo da je rijeË o krizi zbog loπijeg uroda i gladi ili epidemijama.

U radu se analiziraju povijesna i povijesno-demografska obilježja stanovništva Komina u 18. i prvoj polovici 19. stoljeća na temelju stanja duša i matice rođenih. Usporedno s antroponimijskom analizom nastoji se dati odgovor na vrijeme nastanka samog mjesta. Analiza dostupnih izvora i literature govori u prilog već iznesene teze o mletačkom napuštanju Čitluka 1715. godine, iako treba istaknuti da svi stanovnici ne dolaze isključivo s toga područja. U radu se također donosi analiza strukture kućanstava i u kraćim crtama prikazuje običaj krsne slave.

SAAEETAK: Analiza uzroka smrti temelji se na MatiËnoj knjizi umrlih aeupe Komin (1825-1874), koja obuhvaÊa dva naselja, Komin i Rogotin, danas u opÊini PloËe. Na temelju Meunarodne klasifikacije uzroci smrti su razvrstani u nekoliko skupina bolesti i stanja, a identifikacija onodobnog nazivlja izvrπena je uz pomoÊ starih medicinskih priruËnika i kazivaËa na terenu. Analiza je izvrπena na mjeseËnoj, godiπnjoj i viπegodiπnjoj razini. UoËene su godine s poveÊanom smrtnosti, koje uglavnom prate opÊe prilike u Dalmaciji, bilo da je rijeË o krizi zbog loπijeg uroda i gladi ili epidemijama.

Предметом исследования в представленной статье стала музыкальная культура Алтая, которая за столетие своей истории смогла занять важное место в диалоге культур сопредельных стран. На широком историческом материале рассматривается формирование музыкальной культуры Алтая в глубоком органическом единстве европейской, русской и фольклорной культуры народов, населяющих край. Изучается и процесс поиска своей идентификации. Существенное место авторы отводят анализу формирования культурной среды в российских регионах, где средствами музыкального искусства люди разных национальностей и вероисповедования собираются в столь необходимую для сегодняшней цивилизации общность. Рассматриваются примеры межкультурного взаимодействия средствами музыки между Алтаем и сопредельными государствами, что усиливает его значение как трансграничного региона. Приводятся примеры роста авторитета музыкальной культуры Алтая, достижений композиторов, исполнителей, руководителей известных музыкальных коллективов. Анализируется гастрольная деятельность именитых музыкантов, которая способствовала росту культурных запросов слушателей и как следствие -повышению интереса к собственным исполнителям. С учётом мирового кризиса, связанного с пандемией, авторы обращают внимание на определённые оптимистические перспективы в области музыкального искусства, полагая, что стремление к высоким духовным ценностям заложено в генетическом коде человека, и это в свою очередь может способствовать смягчению международной конфронтации с помощью развивающегося диалога культур. Ключевые слова: трансграничный Алтай, музыкальное искусство Алтая, Россия между Западом и Востоком, диалог культур.

We spent the year 2008 trying to get the UC Berkeley Center for Right-Wing Studies (CRWS) off the ground. There was pushback. In part, it was because there was no precedent-right-wing studies?-for such an entity on a major research campus. But above all, the pushback was about timing. Neoliberalism was suffering comeuppance in the form of transnational catastrophic financial collapse and near depression. In the USA, the most right-wing presidency in at least seventy-five years was coming to a shattering end, seeming to give way to a "transformative" administration under a Black Democrat. Sam Tanenhaus of the New York Times reflected the widespread mood, publishing The Death of Conservatism. Why now was there a need for right-wing studies? The Tea Party swiftly put this objection to rest. Its populist uprising was the defining political event of the Obama years. It was launched in February 2009, one month after Barack Obama's inauguration as president and one month before CRWS opened its doors. We held an early conference on the Tea Party, wrote reports and a book on it, and the center attracted attention from many quarters around the world where right-wing populism was similarly on the rise. By the time US populism morphed from the Tea Party to Trumpism, immigration surges had made the worldwide dimension of the trend unmistakable. Liberal democracy was back on its heels in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Trumpism was of a piece with illiberal democratic regimes erupting across the continents. Behind them were populist right-wing mobilizations possessed by local variations of replacement theory. This state of affairs has only deepened over the past several years. Surely it is time for a Journal of Right-Wing Studies. JRWS will publish essays, research papers, book reviews, and commentary. We believe the problems we will address here are urgent, and that discussion and analysis need to be as widely diffused as possible. Accordingly, we are an open access journal available worldwide without economic barriers for readers or for potential authors. Our first full issue-Issue One-will be published early this year. What we are publishing today we are calling our "Issue Zero." We have asked a dozen scholars to comment on what they consider to be the most compelling questions in right-wing studies today. We believe this provocative series of short essays offers a robust suggestion of what is to come in JRWS. It is a pleasure to welcome you to our initial publication, Issue Zero of the Journal of Right-Wing Studies.

This article discusses the tarbawi hadith regarding the importance of fiqh material. This research article was compiled using the literature method, namely collecting data from various references, namely Ebooks, scientific journals, hadith encyclopedias, articles, and websites. The purpose of this research is to find out hadiths that discuss the importance of fiqh material, explanations of hadith in general or general syarah of hadith, chain of hadiths, asbabul hadith, quality of hadith, and analysis of hadith in an educational context. The hadith under discussion is H.R Bukhori No. 6768 found the results of research on the importance of hadith material fiqh, and this hadith is authentic and is a hadith tafaqquh alaihi.

Info tratte da L'arpa rimanda ad un mondo nel quale il suo utilizzo era legato ai canti dedicati agli eroi e alle leggende; secondo alcune ipotesi, "Arpa" deriverebbe da un lemma scandinavo, legato ad un tema indo-ario, il cui significato potrebbe definire l'azione del pizzicare e del prendere con forza; se ci pensiamo, il gesto di tendere la corda dell'arco per la caccia non è diverso da quello del suonatore d'arpa, così come tra i due oggetti vi è anche una certa somiglianza. In latino, nel VI secolo, "Arpa" era usato per designare l'erpice, una macchina agricola, così come "harvest", raccolto; "Ar-", radice arcaica che designa il fuoco oltre che l'acqua.

La Madre dell'Acqua del Sud è Domnu, la Madre dei Fomoriani (1), così come Danu era la Madre dei Túatha Dé Dánann. Lei è la Donna dell'oceano. Regina delle profondità oceanine, Madre delle acque che evaporano formando le nuvole: e così la pioggiaovvero acqua -ritorna alla terra, penetrando in profondità nel terreno da cui emerge nelle sorgenti e nei fiumi. Domnu è legata al blu e ai riflessi dell'acqua. è anche la Luna Piena, una sfera splendente e argentata, che si riflette nell'acqua. I suoi animali sono la balena, la foca, il delfino, il salmone e tutte le creature che vivono nel mare. Come tutte le Dee marine, Domnu può essere dolce ma anche pericolosa e travolgente (il mare in tempesta). Nota di Lunaria: altre Dee marine sono Yemanja (Brasile), Obba (Africa; anche Oshun, pur essendo la Dea della bellezza e dell'amore, è spesso rappresentata intenta a bagnarsi dentro un

This chapter presents a comprehensive outline of the main themes in Brunei history from early times until independence in 1984 placed within a regional and global context. The chapter aims to provide readers with a background setting of Brunei’s historical development that will further serve to complement understanding of subsequent chapters. The themes covered include prehistory; Brunei and the Asian sea trade boom of the tenth to thirteenth centuries; conversion to Islam; Brunei in the ‘Age of Commerce’; conflict with the Spanish in the sixteenth century; Brunei’s progressive decline in a changing world from the seventeenth century; the relationship with James and Charles Brooke in Sarawak; Brunei on the brink of extinction; the establishment of a British Residential system and the origins of modern Brunei; the Japanese occupation; the role of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien; the 1959 Anglo-Brunei Agreement and the subsequent Brunei Constitution; the 1962 rebellion; the Malaysia Federation; and reluctant independence.

Historical Geography at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, Toronto, 1990 With the antiquity of tram tracks circling the Sheraton Centre in Toronto, historical geography was a visible topic of numerous sessions at the 1990 meetings of the Association of American Geographers. In total, eight sessions were specifically devoted to historical geography with an additional ten paper sessions of related interest in cultural geography, environmental geography, cartography and archives. The result was an absorbing number of innovative papers set against a format of traditional topics on Canada, the American West, Historical Cartography and Urban Geography. The comments that follow below are but a sample available to this reviewer and those taken from the published abstracts of the AAG Program guide. Foremost among the sessions were those specifically titled "Historical Geography". These included "Canadian Historical Geography" chaired by John P. Radford of York University with a focus of papers on Ontario, Toronto and Montreal. A related session on Interpreting North America organized by Cathy E. Kindquist of University of British Columbia assembled two keynote papers on the "Canadian Archipelago and Borderlands" by R. Cole Harris and Victor Konrad. Harris emphasized that the concept of a Canadian periphery to American cores should be reformulated in a wider global context that saw the transcontinental expansion of European encounter with the New World, while Konrad saw the borderlands concept as part of a larger cultural pluralism that crossed specific political boundaries in broader regional patterns encountered east to west. A related session was chaired by David Hornbeck, Jr. of California State University at Northridge, organized by Martin Kenzer of the University of Southern California. Titled "Problems and prospects of continental sharing", it centered on archival evidence of U.S. and Canadian geographic thought. G. Malcolm Lewis presented a compelling series of Native drawn maps and European cartography to show the locational imagery of Amerindians as underlying early exlorer's conception of the North American frontier. Cotton Mather spoke to the topic of "Continental sharing by the United States and Canada", as William R. Code outlined the "National distinctions of North American urbanism" in a carefully specified study that showed the limits of U.S. and Canadian comparisons between the Great Lakes cities and Sunbelt-Rocky Mountain suburban regions, and between the industrial towns of Ohio and Ontario. A series of sessions were devoted to historical geographies of the American West. Most obvious was the session chaired by Richard Jackson of Brigham

Setiap orang mendambakan keluarga yang sakinah, penuh cinta dan kasih sayang supaya mendapatkan kenyamanan, ketentraman, dan kedamaian. Ada satu istilah yang mengatakan bahwa rumahku adalah istana dan surgaku yang menggambarkan bahwa keluarga menjadi tempat ternyaman bagi setiap insan. Akan tetapi, untuk dapat mewujudkan kebahagiaan dalam rumah tangga bukanlah hal mudah. Terlebih di era modern, sebuah keluarga akan menghadapi masalah yang semakin kompleks yang sekaligus dapat menjadi pemicu retaknya sebuah rumah tangga. Segala usaha dilaksanakan dengan tujuan kebahagiaan dan kelanggengan dalam keluarga. Pernikahan merupakan ikatan lahir batin antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang kemudian menjadi suami dan istri untuk membentuk rumah tangga yang sakinah, mawaddah, warahmah. Pada nyatanya, tidaklah mudah untuk membangun dan mewujudkan keluarga yang bahagia, sempurna dan berjalan lancar. Beberapa pasangan

Recent years have witnessed the global upsurge in the use of probiotics by people as they realized several health benefits. The health of the gut microbiome contributes to the well-being of the human body and the prevention of some diseases. Probiotics, prebiotics and other beneficial components taken in during a healthy diet help to balance the gut microbiome. The probiotics play a significant role both in the prevention and treatment of stomach and intestinal complaints, mental diseases, COVID-19, cancer, and anemia. Yoghurt is considered as a very good source of probiotics, and it should preferably be consumed in the morning. Probiotics manufactured by several pharmaceuticals, are easily available at the pharmacist's shop, and is usually considered safe when consumed in proper amount. It is found very useful in the patients who are having antibiotic associated diarrhea. Furthermore, it has several other properties including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiallergic, and immunomodulatory. The digestive discomfort has been noticed in a few people. Our manuscript provides an insight into the scientists' recommendations regarding probiotics. These recommendations include research, promotion and application of these beneficial bacteria in healthcare practice. In addition, we highlight the importance of food industry research towards further probiotic food developments, which can complement the treatment of many diseases in a natural way.

This study reports the results of a content and citation analysis of the 295 articles appearing in the first 20 years of Advances in Accounting (AIA). A content analysis provides a taxonomy of the main research areas examined and research methods used in the articles published in the journal during its first two decades, i.e. from 1984 to 2003. Information is also summarized indicating contributing authors, their academic affiliation, and where they earned their doctoral degrees. Citation analysis is then used to classify the sources and types of citations most frequently used in AIA. In addition, citation of AIA articles is examined in seven leading journals covering related research topics over this period of time. Finally, findings and conclusions are discussed.

To mark the l00th Birthday of Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course, DrJohn Paull and I made a car journey in the summer of 2024 to trace the origins of those who pioneered biodynamic practice in Britain. It was a tour initially arranged by Chloe Hindmarsh from Ruskin Mill. John had just come from giving a keynote address at the Biodynamic Federation Members Assembly l00th anniversary gathering at Kobierzyce (Koberwitz) in Poland.

is widely known in Australia for his much-performed play Too Young for Ghosts ( 1985 ). This play, a respected theatrical achievement, is the only one of his seven theatre works to date to have received post-performance circulation via publication 1 but remains little commented upon in academic criticism. Hence not much general discussion has been generated about Balodis's drama, which is exciting, theatrically rich and accomplished, and in the context of recent Australian theatre, innovative in both themes and treatment. His work is of discursive as well as intrinsic interest, not least because of his ambiguous status as a NESB (person of Non-English-Speaking Background) whose first language is English and who writes for the mainstream theatre. I wish to problematize the ideological and structural factors by which the critical discourses of the work of an Australian playwright are constructed. In the case of Balodis, the principal ones of interest are those of multiculturalism, stylistic questions of "naturalism" and gender. Balodis's appointment in 1988 as Associate Director of the Melbourne Theatre Company is, from the point of view of script publication, a mixed blessing. It provides a secure financial base for his writing; however, the MTC has an extensive programme arrangement with Playbill. Hence Currency's valuable Playscript series, which was not in operation at the time of Balodis's first play Backyard ( 1980 ) and which would be ideal for Wet and Dry ( 1987 ) or Heart for the Future ( 1989 ), is not a possible publication outlet at present. Without published scripts, dissemination via the "ideological state apparatus" of education is out of the question, despite the hope of one reviewer of Too Young for Ghosts