Greek Epigraphy

The chapter examines some examples of inscribed documents from the Hellenistic cities, most notably laws and decrees, which lay out actual archaiologiai (taken as local histories) of the communities in which they were enacted. In turn, they also detail a civic history of the community which is inextricably connected to Athens and its legacy. The chapter considers two case studies. First, the republication in Iasos and Troizen of Attic decrees from the Classical age. By republishing these documents relating to the Persian Wars and the Persians in the fifth and early-fourth century, these decrees draw an ancestral history of the city in which Athens plays an important role. Secondly, the chapter canvasses the cultural milieu of a couple of renowned anti-tyrannical laws (from Eretria and Eresos). These laws and their conceptualisation of tyrant killing reveal a close interaction with the Athenian cultural perception of tyranny and the threats it poses (e.g., in Eresos, through the medium of the Peripatetic Phainias). The chapter thus unveils how some crucialpieces of the early Hellenistic documentary record engage with the intellectual elaborations of the past and the cultural primacy of Athens.

This volume presents a study of one of the most controversial dramatic genres of Greco-Roman antiquity, mime, based on the analysis of epigraphic texts. To this end, it offers a catalogue of Greek and Latin inscriptions of varied typology, chronology, and provenance related to mime writers, actors and mime performances. Each inscription is accompanied by a translation, commentary and images (when the physical support has been preserved), with the aim of presenting a rich documentary collection of great importance for the understanding of a largely enigmatic form of entertainment.

The corpus is preceded by a study of various aspects related to mime and epigraphic sources, including the challenges in defining this dramatic genre and its relation to other similar performances, mime actors in Greco-Roman society and the staging of plays in light of the inscriptions. Special attention is given to topics such as the participation of women in mime, the social and legal status of the performers, the composition of acting troupes and theatrical guilds and the presence of mime writers in epigraphic documentation.

Additionally, the final part of the volume includes an appendix of documentary papyri related to this form of entertainment, which complements the perspective provided by the epigraphic material.

Nos recherches en 2012 se sont poursuivies dans les hautes vallées du cestros et de l'eurymédon 1 . Il s'agissait de compléter les études préalablement entreprises sur deux sites, Kapıkaya et Damla asarı, tandis que nous découvrions pour la première fois l'établissement de sivritaş. ces trois lieux présentent des caractères différents. Kapıkaya, est un site urbain d'altitude, qui permet une surveillance d'une grande partie de la vallée de l'ancien cestros (aksu Çay). Il a peu retenu l'attention des modernes, sans doute parce qu'il est d'accès difficile, mais il est d'un grand intérêt archéologique. sivritaş et Damla asarı sont des établissements ruraux. Le premier est fortifié et contrôle un terroir dans une vallée adjacente à celle de l'eurymédon. Le second, en retrait dans les montagnes traversées en canyon par ce fleuve, permet de mieux connaître le territoire dominé par le démos des Moulasseis. Les résultats que nous présentons ici sont issus de prospections pédestres qui, par définition, sont limitées, mais permettent de faire connaître ces sites du point de vue topographique, épigraphique et archéologique (Fig. ). Le site antique se situe à 8 km au sud du village de Güneyce, mais seulement à 2 km à vol d'oiseau. Orienté au sud, il est à une altitude comprise entre 1200 et 1350 m. Deux sommets le dominent et le limitent : à l'Ouest, le Keçikayası tepesi, à l'est le Kapıkaya tepesi qui culmine à 1740 m d'altitude. Le passage entre ces deux sommets forme cette ouverture naturelle qui a donné son nom au site : Kapıkaya, la 'porte rocheuse'. ce site offre un panorama qui permet d'embrasser toute la vallée du cestros reliant, du Nord au sud, la Pisidie à la Pamphylie. Le plateau de cremna se distingue aisément et toutes les montagnes à l'est en direction d'adada, de même que le lac de barrage de Karacaören, situé à plus de 25 km au sud (Fig. ). au pied du site s'écoule du Nord-est vers le sud-Ouest, le Çukurçay Deresi, et à l'Ouest, l'Isparta Çay, tous deux affluents de l'ancien cestros. Le site s'appelait Kapılıtaş lorsqu'il a été vu pour la première fois le 6 mai 1842 par august schönborn 2 . Il fut oublié pendant plus d'un siècle, jusqu'à ce qu'en 1984/5, N. Mersich le visite à nouveau en s'intéressant essentiellement aux vestiges paléochrétiens. Il signale un baptistère et, à proximité à l'est, les murs d'une église (18 x 12 m) dont il reconnaît l'abside et une partie du narthex. La structure du côté nord est formée de moellons et de mortier, tandis que les autres murs sont d'époque hellénistique. Il mentionne aussi l'existence de deux autres églises au Nord/Nord-Ouest 3 . Dix ans plus tard, en 1994, l'équipe de sagalassos dirigée par M. Waelkens étudiait le site. La description publiée insiste surtout sur les principaux vestiges des bâtiments, mais traite rapidement de la fortification, de la nécropole et des arcosolia 4 . en 2007, quatre d'entre eux étaient édités *) Ista -Université de Franche-comté (besançon). **) Université d'Istanbul. ***) erenköy, bayar cad. eser apt. No: 7/24, Kadıköy -Istanbul. ****) Musée d'Isparta. 1) Nous remercions la Direction Générale du Patrimoine culturel et des Musées de turquie pour le permis de travail qu'elle nous a accordé, et, pour leur aide, le

This thesis aims to explore the methods adopted by the Romans to annex the Central Anatolian Plateau into their empire after their arrival in 25 BCE. Specifically, this study will use the emergence and development of urbanism as a proxy for cultural, political, and economic integration, focusing on the regions of Galatia and northeastern Pisidia. After the annexation of Galatia in 25 BCE, the Romans expanded their territory in Galatia and northeastern Pisidia by establishing new colonies and cities as regional urban centers in areas with different settlement patterns prior to their arrival. These new urban centers, with their sophisticated infrastructure and extensive urban frameworks, served as focal points for the cultural, economic, and religious integration of local societies into the Roman Empire. They were gradually expanded with new monuments and public spaces over different periods. By employing a comparative approach to the urban development of two Augustan-era foundations in the Central Anatolian Plateau—Ankara and Pisidian Antioch (Yalvaç, Isparta)—this thesis will contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of urbanization in integrating diverse populations and marginal areas into the Roman Empire. It will also offer a nuanced view of the long-term evolution of urbanism in this historically rich region by examining the transformation from pre-Roman settlements to sophisticated Roman urban centers.

myriad questions and offer constructive critiques throughout the thesis-writing process. Her dedication, excellent advice, and passion for ancient history were indispensable assets for the entirety of my time in the graduate program. Many thanks as well to Professors Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow, Andrew Koh, and the entire faculty of the AGRS program, without whose guidance and support this present paper would undoubtedly not exist. To my parents, Laura and Bruce MacFarline, thank you for instilling in me at a young age a love for reading and history. Your unconditional love and support are cherished more than words can express. Similar thanks to my wonderful siblings, Melissa, Daniel, and Joshua. I thank you for welcome distractions from many long nights of writing and research. You inspire and challenge me every day to better myself and my work. In connection with the present work, I thank all those who offered advice and critiques. In particular, I would like to thank Benjamin Stanfor...

Les montagnes du Dedegöl Dağları s'etendent sur une vaste region a l'Ouest du lac de Beyşehir (l'ancien lac Karalis)", Elles forment un obstacle aux grandes voies de communication qui les contoument au Nord et au Sud. Les voies secondaires desservent les villages de montagne, mais ne perınettent pas de traverser les massifs. Les sommets s'elevent a plus de 2300 m d'altitude dans la montagne de Sarıidris a I'Ouest, dans celle du Çiçek Dağ au Sud-Est ou dans celle du Yandağ au Nord (fig. ). En 1996 et 2001, les recherehes qui avaient ete menees sous la direction de M. Özsait dans la partie meridionale des massifs avaient permis de trouver sur les hauts plateaux de Senitli (Senitli Yaylası) les ruines d'un village antique et des inscriptions pisidiennes et grecques/. La prospection faite a l'ete 2006 a permis de mieux connaitre le site et d'etudier de nouvelles inscriptions". Pour atteindre les hauts plateaux de Senitli, il faut partir d'Aksu (Sous-Prefecture de la province d'Isparta), emprunter la route qui mene a la "caverne du donjon" (Zindan Mağarası) devant Iaquelle s'elevait un sanctuaire consacre au dieu-fleuve Eurymedon". Apres avoir franchi le pont romain et remonte le long du fleuve pendant sept kilometres environ, avant d'atteindre le barrage construit a sa source, il faut gravir les pentes qui s'eleverıt sur la rive gauche. On atteint alors les yaylas, zones de paturages dorninees par un couvert forestier de resineux sur Ies pentes et les sommets.

Endowments (or foundations) are a widespread phenomenon in antiquity. The present work assembles all known ancient Greek endowments from the Classical and Hellenistic periods, presenting the texts in Greek and in translation. The main aim of the volume is to discuss endowments in their political, social, economic, cultural and religious contexts, thus contributing to our understanding of society and economy of these periods.
Endowments were donations or bequests of property whose income was intended to fund specific purposes defined by the donors. The donated property was to be preserved intact, in order to guarantee that the intentions of the sponsor would be served in perpetuity. The recipients of the endowments were usually civic communities, sanctuaries or associations. The book discusses important aspects on the vocabulary and terminology of the endowments, their legal, economic and administrative characteristics, the identity of the donors (Hellenistic kings or private individuals), and the various purposes served by them. This analysis shows that the endowments fall within the broad phenomenon of euergetism that offered benefits to both the endowers and the recipients.
https://media.dav-medien.de/sample/9783515139168_p.pdf

This article presents an alternative linguistic interpretation of the so-called Trojan Seal inscription, dated to the Troy VI-VII archaeological period. Using the embriomorphemic theory developed by Petro Zheji, the inscription is read as a right-to-left sequence of syllabic morphemes rooted in ancient Albanian. This decoding yields a coherent semantic formula-'Ka më dha psh-y-be'-interpreted as 'There is a Mother who gives the breath/soul to the being.' The analysis challenges previous phonetic readings and aligns the inscription with metaphysical themes found in ancient Balkan and Anatolian traditions.

In the border zone between the Roman provinces of Upper Moesia and Thrace a sanctuary dedicated to Zeus and Hera, defined by the toponymic epithet Souidept?noi, was discovered on the Belava mountain, near Turres (today?s Pirot). The sanctuary presumably encompassed a temenos, an altar and two smaller temples, oriented east-west, with the entrance on the eastern side. Unfortunately, illegal excavations were conducted on the area of the sanctuary by thieves, who stole the small reliefs offered to the deities venerated in the sanctuary, of which the authors of this paper could obtain the data of 31 fragmented votive plates, most of them inscribed. A variety of iconographic schemas, especially the standing divine couple or Zeus and Hera in quadriga, as well as the combination of three onomastics stocks (Thracian, Greek and Latin) illustrate the diversity of traditions and the cultural interferences at work during imperial times. It can be presumed that the sanctuary dedicated to Zeus an...

Over the past two decades, the northeastern Jordanian Badia has been a focal point for extensive archaeological research, particularly in epigraphy and rock art documentation. The Badia Epigraphic Survey (BES) Project, launched in 2015, has played a crucial role in re-documenting Safaitic inscriptions and systematically recording newly discovered inscriptions and rock engravings. One of the most significant recent discoveries is a newly documented rock art depiction of an elephant in Wadi Salma, representing the first known example of its kind in the region. This study examines the stylistic features, cultural significance, and possible historical interpretations of this engraving, comparing it to similar elephant depictions found in Al-Ula and Hima (Saudi Arabia). The analysis highlights the influence of environmental, cultural, and artistic factors in rock art production within the harsh desert conditions. The presence of elephants in Arabian rock art suggests either direct encounters with these animals, artistic diffusion through trade, or secondhand knowledge from travelers and oral traditions. Additionally, references to the "Year of the Elephant" (570 CE) in Arabic literary sources raise questions about whether the depiction in Wadi Salma indicates a broader cultural recognition of elephants in pre-Islamic Arabia. However, due to the absence of associated inscriptions, determining the precise meaning of the engraving remains speculative. This study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in rock art research, integrating archaeology, epigraphy, and cultural history to better understand the significance of such depictions. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on rock art in Jordanian Badia, shedding light on the dynamic cultural exchanges and artistic expressions of ancient desert communities.

Developing a digital archaeology classification system using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning techniques Enrico Lucci, The spatial interactions between remains in large dwelling spaces Lorenzo Cardarelli, Defining Southern Etruria Final Bronze Age settlement models using an integrated GIS and Machine Learning approach Roberto Ragno, The Spoil project. Assessing the rate of excavators' accidental ceramic discard at the archaeological site of Siponto Salvatore Basile, Antonio Campus, Integrating Point Pattern Analysis and Logistic Regression approaches for exploring the settlement pattern of the Versilia and Garfagnana mountains in Roman times Francesco Giuliano, Digital rescue of an archaeological site at risk: the prehistoric village of Portella (Sicily)

New excavations and radiocarbon data from Mitzpe Shivta - a site closely linked to monasticism and pilgrimage - enable to locate, for the first time, the previously overlooked site within the broader chronology and cultural-historical narrative of the Negev Desert (Israel). While early explorers emphasized a Late Byzantine-period (550-638 CE) settlement of the site, our investigations provide evidence of continued habitation from the Middle Byzantine period (450-550 CE), extending into Abbasid times. Radiocarbon data demonstrate that the site's occupation may have begun as early as the mid-5th-mid-6th century CE, paralleling it with established models concerning the development of monasteries and pilgrimage networks in Palestine and Egypt. By this time, Negev settlements such as the neighboring Shivta and Nessana had reached their zenith of agricultural and economic development, providing infrastructure for travelers to Mount Sinai. Inscriptions discovered in Mitzpe Shivta's rock-hewn rooms, dedicated to Saint George, align with pilgrim accounts, such as the one supplied by the Piacenza Pilgrim, which reveal that the veneration of saints played a crucial role in shaping the religious landscape of the region. Thus, Mitzpe Shivta may have attracted devotees seeking the intercession of Saint George and other similar martyrs. Our study reveals that Mitzpe Shivta remained inhabited following the local agricultural decline in the late 6th century CE and into the Islamic period. The discovery of grape seeds dating to the Abbasid period may indicate continued use of the site by Christians. These findings align with evidence of other monastic and Christian communities' resilience in the Negev during the Islamic period. It is possible that Mitzpe Shivta was abandoned in the 8th/9th century CE following a local earthquake and decreased pilgrimage tourism under the Abbasid dynasty.

The most pressing question in all linguistics: what was the secret real identity of the language of the Minoans? Proto-Greek? Proto-Weak. Semitic? Semitisn't. Luwian? Ludicrous. Hurrian? You better be hurryin' back to the drafting board. I bring you a new, fresh and bold hypothesis for the true identity of the Minoan language of Linear A, a hypothesis so startling that you might interpret it as merely a bit of humor at the expense of equally tenuous but quite serious proposals, an amateur linguistics paper in Minecraft if you will. Haha, unless…? Unless Minoan really is Elamite.

The set of inscriptions known as the Naval Inventories of Athens (IG II2 1604-IG II2 1632) provide a wealth of information regarding the state of the Athenian navy in the fourth century BC. The inscriptions include the names of the triremes, of which 279 unique cases are preserved. This paper was developed around two questions: What kinds of names did Athenians choose for their warships? And is naming triremes a practice that goes beyond the practicality of keeping track of each ship? Firstly, the historical background is presented, followed by an investigation of triremes, both in technical characteristics and in the people comprising the crew. Furthermore, the triremes are described as complicated expressions of the society that built and used them, and hence, they are used as objects which lay the theoretical framework of this study. The names are presented in separated categories, resolving the first research question of this paper. Theories of psychology and sociology are employed, which helps to explain why naming warships is a tactic to enhance group cohesiveness. Sailors identify with the virtues and qualities of the 'personified' trireme, subconsciously developing their sense of belonging, improving their morale, confidence, and presumably overall performance, while fighting the world's toughest frontier.

During the 2016 season, the excavations at the Sanctuary of Apollo on Despotiko in the Cyclades revealed a Late Archaic bronze strigil with two superimposed incised inscriptions on its handle. This article offers a contextual, typological, and epigraphical analysis of the strigil. It demonstrates that the first inscription (ΕΥΔ) denoted ownership. This was deliberately replaced by the second text (ΑΠΩΛ), a legible votive inscription to Apollo. The inscriptions permit a synthesis of the object's biography, enabling us to identify the stages of "transformation" of a personal accessory into a votive offering. The present article thus contributes to an understanding of dedicatory practices at the Despotiko sanctuary and their historical context.

Статья посвящена обзору историографии вопроса о римской внешнеполитической «дружбе» в Боспорском царстве. Несмотря на множество исследований, обращенных к проблеме римского присутствия в регионе, тема amicitia Caesaris et populi Romani в публикациях рассматривалась ad hoc, применительно лишь к некоторым правителям Боспорского царства или же вовсе неоправданно опускалась. Проявлением политики римской amicitia являются эпитеты φιλόκαισαρ и φιλορώμαιος, которые используются в титулатуре боспорских династов вплоть до IV в. н. э. Детальное изучение царских титулов-методически необходимый подход при разработке вопроса о развитии и характере царской власти на Боспоре. Представленный обзор историографии показывает, что в исследовательской литературе на сегодняшний день сложилось два основных подхода к решению проблемы. Первый связывает получение титулов φιλόκαισαρ и φιλορώμαιος боспорскими правителями с существованием определенной юридически оформленной процедуры. Второй, напротив, принципиально отвергает подобный формализм и трактует титулы φιλόκαισαρ и φιλορώμαιος как проявление общей направленности политики того или иного династа. В заключение автор статьи приходит к тому, что, учитывая весь корпус доступных нам источников, окончательные ответы на ряд существующих по этой проблеме вопросов может дать лишь серьезное всестороннее изучение боспорских φιλορώμαιοι и φιλοκαίσαρες, которое, к сожалению, в отечественной науке об античности пока отсутствует.

Укрепленные усадьбы, известные на территории азиатской и европейской части Боспора, традиционно выделяюся в отдельную группу сельских памятников античного времени. В работе рассматриваются и сопоставляются между собой планировочные структуры 11 домов-башен //
The houses-towers, common in the Asian and European Bosporus, are usually referred to a separate group of rural monuments of ancient times. The article contains a description and comparison of the 11 tower-houses layout //
Les maisons fortifiées connues sur le territoire du Bosphore font traditionnellement partie d’un groupe séparé de monuments ruraux de l'antiquité.  L’article contient une description et comparaison de planification des 11 maisons-tours de la partie asiatique du Bosphore

The most prevalent criticism of AYP (Vol.1) has become that the monograph ultimately proves thick on theory but thin on actual evidence. This Chapter therefore represents the second of several, which works through the surviving inscription evidence beginning Archonship Kephisophom and running through Archonship Arkhippos II.

Two primary goals here: 1) Knowing what Calendar Equations ought have occurred aids greatly when working with recovered epigraphical evidence that display such equations. When any deviations surface, we can develop a thorough understanding of why they took place.

2) Show the ancient Athenian Calendar proves nowhere near as “chaotic” as assumed. Classicists can instead attribute most deviations to (simple) observational difficulties.

Στοχεύοντας στην ανανέωση και στον εμπλουτισμό των διδακτικών τρόπων αξιοποίησης του μυθοπλαστικού/δραματικού λόγου μέσα στις τάξεις της δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης, επιχειρούμε στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας μελέ της, με την επικουρία της θεωρίας της λογοτεχνίας, ιδιαίτερα της αφηγηματολογίας των πιθανών κόσμων, μια προσέγγιση των χαρακτήρων της σο φόκλειας Αντιγόνης. Μια τέτοια θεώρηση, υπερβαίνοντας παγιωμένες διδα κτικές πρακτικές, πιστεύουμε ότι θα μπορούσε να φωτίσει τους χαρακτήρες της κλασικής τραγωδίας και να αναδείξει την παιδευτική αξία αλλά και τη δυναμική του δραματικού λόγου, ενώ θα έπειθε έφηβους μαθητές/αναγνώ στες να συνδέσουν τον διαχρονικό λόγο του Σοφοκλή, ως σημείο αναφοράς, προβληματισμού και διαλόγου, με τις παρούσες ανάγκες τους. Το εγχείρημα αυτό θεωρούμε πως εξυπηρετεί τις βασικές στοχεύσεις των μαθημάτων της Αρχαίας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας και Γραμματείας και των Αρχαίων Ελληνικών του ημερησίου και του εσπερινού γενικού λυκείου, σύμφωνα με τις Οδηγίες του Υπουργείου Παιδείας και θρησκευμάτων (ΥΠΑΙΘ, 2022). Για να προσεγγίσουμε τους μυθοπλασπκούς χαρακτήρες, τους ιδιωτι κούς κόσμους τους, ή αλλιώς τους υπο-κόσμους τους, και τις συγκρούσεις σε αυτή την τραγωδία που διδάσκεται στη Β' τάξη των γενικών λυκείων της χώρας μας, θα αξιοποιήσουμε κατά κύριο λόγο το θεωρητικό μοντέλο της Marie-Laure Ryan από τον χώρο της αφηγηματολογίας των πιθανών κόσμων.

Taking the well-known "Marathon Stone" as a starting point, this article proposes that certain late 5th-and 4th-century BCE Attic funerary monuments were situated in such a way as to advertise a connection to a famous battlefield, even if the deceased had no personal connection to the relevant battle. Several monuments discovered outside of the deme named in their inscription stood on or near the plain of Marathon, along the renowned route between Marathon and Athens, or on the island of Salamis, while other monuments were set along sacred ways to sanctuaries such as those at Eleusis, Brauron, and Cape Zoster; this suggests a possible parallel between the routes to battlefields and sacred ways to sanctuaries. Accordingly, this article suggests a new avenue for the study of Attic funerary practices: namely, it elucidates a possible way in which the burial of the dead related to Athens's military past and the sacred landscape.

Résumé
Cet article présente une série de tessères en plomb et deux poids en bronze découverts dans le gymnase d’Érétrie (île d’Eubée, Grèce) dans le cadre des fouilles conduites par l’École suisse d’archéologie en Grèce (ESAG). L’utilisation de tessères (trois portant la lettre epsilon et une palme, une autre les lettres ΕΠΟ et un épi de blé) dans ce contexte peut être associée, à titre d’hypothèse, aux banquets organisés dans le gymnase durant l’époque hellénistique. Les deux poids, datés de l’époque impériale, portent les inscriptions ΓΑΙΟΥ ONKIB et ΓΑΙΟΥ ΟΝΓ. Ils ont été mis au jour au fond d’un puits comblé après l’abandon du gymnase.

Summary
This paper discusses a series of lead tokens and two bronze weights found during the excavations conducted by the Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece (ESAG) in the Gymnasium in Eretria (Euboea, Greece). The use of the tokens (three showing the letter epsilon and a palm, one displaying the inscription ΕΠΟ with an ear of corn) could be connected with banquets held within the Gymnasium during Hellenistic times. As for the weights, inscribed ΓΑΙΟΥ ONKIB and ΓΑΙΟΥ ΟΝΓ, they date from the Roman period and were disposed of in the bottom fill of a well, north of the Gymnasium, at a time when this area of the city had been abandoned.

Bu makalede Eskişehir Arkeoloji Müzesi'nde ya da müzeye bağlı özel koleksiyonlarda korunan ve Zeus'a sunulmuş yeni adak yazıtları incelenmektedir. Fakat yazıtlardan bazıları aslında mezar taşı olup aynı zamanda çeşitli epithetonlarıyla Zeus'a adanmıştır (Nr. 11, 14). Ayrıca, arazide bulunmuş olup müzeye getirilmemiş bazı yeni yazıtlar da sondaki ek kısımda verilmektedir. Yazıtlarda Zeus karşımıza Zeus Koulamtenos, Zeus Olemeanos, Zeus Petarenos, Zeus Hekatostites, Zeus Melenos, Zeus Sarnendenos, Zeus Dagoustes, Zeus Korenos gibi isimlerle çıkmaktadır. Her ne kadar birçok yazıtın buluntu yeri bilinmese de Zeus'un bu farklı epithetonlarla çoğunlukla Dorylaion veya Nakoleia teritoryumunda tapınım gördüğünü düşünmek yanlış olmayacaktır. Fakat Zeus Petarenos'a sunulmuş çok sayıda küçük adak taşı daha çok Afyon'a bağlı Kurudere köyü civarındaki bir yerel kutsal alanda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Zeus Sarnendenos ise çoğunlukla kuzeydoğu Phrygia'da (özellikle Choria Considiana bölgesinde) belgelenen bir tanrıdır.

Dados da capa: Adaptação de um fólio da Bíblia de Lutero de 1534 (Wittenberg) em domínio público pela British Library. Adaptação de uma iluminura derivada do manuscrito "Missal R396" pertencente à Biblioteca Beneditina em Rajhrad, República Tcheca. Permitida a reprodução total ou parcial desta obra, por qualquer meio eletrônico, mecânico, inclusive por processo xerográfico, desde que sem fins lucrativos.

Kaiserzeitliche Inschriften und Münzen bezeugen eine intensive Rivalität zwischen den beiden pamphylischen Großstädten Perge und Side. Während die epigraphischen und numismatischen Quellen besonders für das 3. Jh. n. Chr. eine deutliche Sprache sprechen, lässt sich anhand der städtebaulichen Entwicklungen der Poleis ein mindestens bis in hadrianische Zeit zurückreichendes Konkurrenzverhältnis nachverfolgen. Der Wettstreit um regionalen Rang und kulturelle Geltung manifestierte sich vornehmlich in kostspieligen öffentlichen Bauprojekten, die sowohl von vermögenden Euergeten als auch von den Gemeinden selbst getragen wurden: Zusammen nutzten diese beiden Akteure urbane Architektur als Kommunikationsmedium gegenüber konkurrierenden Städten sowie den Repräsentanten Roms.
Besonders augenfällig offenbaren sich die Auswirkungen der Konkurrenz auf die Stadtbilder von Perge und Side in der Errichtung zeitlich eng aufeinanderfolgender Bauten gleichen Typs: Die wichtigsten Verkehrsadern beider Poleis erhielten im 2. Jh. n. Chr. fast gleichzeitig flankierende Säulenhallen. Der mit einer Tholos ausgestatteten Agora von Side folgte wenig später das Macellum in Perge, dessen Freifläche ebenfalls ein Rundbau dominierte. Auch die Theaterneubauten der beiden Städte scheinen kaum mehr als ein paar Jahrzehnte auseinanderzuliegen. Ein in Perge unter den Severern errichtetes, monumentales Nymphaeum konterte Side beinahe umgehend mit einem noch größeren Pendant vor den Toren der eigenen Stadt. Andererseits ließ die sidetische Antwort auf die prachtvolle Umgestaltung des Haupttors von Perge in hadrianischer Zeit hingegen etwa ein Jahrhundert auf sich warten, orientierte sich dann aber dennoch an der architektonischen Gestaltung des älteren Konkurrenzbaus.
Vor diesem Hintergrund beleuchtet dieser Vortrag die städtebauliche Dimension der Rivalität zwischen den im kaiserzeitlichen Pamphylien um Vorrang streitenden Gemeinden Perge und Side. Einer Diskussion der historischen Zeugnisse folgt der diachrone Vergleich ihrer urbanistischen Entwicklungen, der schließlich Aufschluss über das wechselseitige Verhältnis von Architektur und Konkurrenz gibt und darüber hinaus neue Erkenntnisse zu städtebaulichen Dynamiken im kaiserzeitlichen Kleinasien formulieren lässt. Dabei zeigen sich neben den direkten Bezugnahmen der aufeinander reagierenden Bauprojekte auch unterschiedliche Gestaltungsstrategien, mit denen sich die einzelne Polis von ihrer jeweiligen Rivalin absetzen wollte.

The Imperial Period witnesses an important, but never systematically studied, novelty in Greek honorific epigraphy: the emergence of honorific monuments accompanied by inscriptions which record both private individuals as grantors of honour in the nominative case and civic organs as approvers of honour in various verbal formulas denoting the issuing of a relevant decree (for example the abbreviation ψβ (ψηφίσματι βουλῆς)). The structure of these texts enables us to categorize them as private honorific inscriptions with explicitly recorded civic approval.
The aim of this paper is to present some preliminary remarks on this new textual practice of providing access to public memory in the cities of Roman Peloponnese. We will explore how similar practices used in Roman cities became known to the Peloponnese through the Roman colony of Corinth. We will also examine the extent of the use of this new form of honorific inscriptions, comparing them with the well-established from the past private and public honorific inscriptions and bringing forward important local particularities. Finally, we will focus on the social and political background of the individuals who were recorded as grantors and recipients of honour in these inscriptions, and on the nature of their interaction with the civic authorities.

The study of written artefacts is deeply intertwined with questions of time, as they produce and manifest experiences and imaginations of time. Individuals, groups and institutions organise and regulate time through written artefacts, shaping and structuring the rhythms of a community. Time is also a way to show aspirations, creating socio-political, religious and cultural realities. A prime example is the Urania-Weltzeituhr (Alexanderplatz, Berlin, former GDR), which displays the time in 146 countries, exhibiting the hope of cosmopolitanism within a secluded country. At the same time, concepts and practices of ‘social time’ are culturally and epochally specific. As a result, multi- and interdisciplinary approaches to 'social time' are scarce; juxtaposing and integrating cross-disciplinary, cross-temporal, and cross-cultural perspectives can contribute significantly to our understanding of social experiences and time structuring. The workshop aims to study and discuss which aspects of ‘social time’ are influential in shaping written artefacts, and how written artefacts shape ‘social time’. The workshop brings together young researchers from fields of research within the Humanities and Social Sciences and research from Antiquity to the modern world focusing on case studies in Europe, Asia and the Americas, thus creating an interdisciplinary platform for cross-disciplinary discussion on time and materiality in urban societies.

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